Suffi^xes in Oceanic Langiuu/es. ;32I 



only Fagani and Merlav as having both classes, but Maewo will be- 

 seen to possess both, and three Solomon Island languages in the 

 Table besides Fagani have both, and Maori and Samoan have both ; 

 c.f. infra. Wedau also has both forms. The first class of these 

 Noun Suffixes, the gerundival. has // as a constant letter, in the- 

 second class /i does not appear. 



In the Melanesian languages the form of the Gerundive is not 

 always the same, as the Polynesian has the termination 7iga (na). 

 Mate is commonly "to die," but matea in Florida is "dying." 

 Galea in Mota may mean either deceit or being deceived, na galeana 

 what deceived him. In Fiji mate without change is " to die," and 

 " death " as it is in Maori. But when the Maori uses heino for " to- 

 die," "death" in hemona dying. ("Mel. Lang.," p. 138.) 



The Suffixes la, le, ta, ha, are used in Sa'a and Ulawa with the 

 Personal Pronoun ahvays suffixed to form Gerundives; with neuter 

 Verbs ni or i is always added; horo to kill, horoH to kill anyone, 

 horo'ilana his being killed. The sense of the Gerundive in Ulawa 

 and Sa'a is either Active or Passive, tohulana the chopping of it, its 

 being chopped; Ulawa ha'aurifaku my being saved, a ha'auritaku 

 my saviour. In Ulawa na with the suffixed Pronoun may be used 

 as a Gerundive; lae to go, laewa a going, laenana his going. With 

 the Maori Gerundive the action may be either Active or Passive. 



In Florida Verbal Substantives are formed by suffixing a to Active 

 Verbs, and the sense of these, which may be called Gerundives, is 

 often Passive. Bosa to speak is also a Noun, and hosagu is ray 

 speaking; but hosaagu is my being spoken to. In Ysabel it is the 

 same, gotigotihi to break in pieces, na gotigotihiadia their being^ 

 broken in pieces. {" Mel. Lang.," p. 524, 139.) 



The Ulawa word wala'ana speech, needs a little explanation. 

 Dr. Codrington (" Mel. Lang.," p. 138) gives wala'ana as an in- 

 stance of ana used as a Noun Suffix, but no other such instance 

 occurs in Ulawa, and the Verb is wala or wala'a to speak; ha' i 

 wala a word, walana his word, kira ahuni wala they took counseV 

 together, wala odoodo to repudiate in speech, 'o si'e walawala'a 

 do not speak. A form walani also occurs meaning to effect a 

 magical charm by means of words. The second form of the Verb, 

 wala'a, may possibly be made up of wala, and 'a the adjectival 

 Suffix, and accordingly ivala'a would mean dealing in words, wordy. 

 This Suffix 'a is added to certain Verbs in Ulawa and Sa'a to form 

 Nouns; usi to barter, usVe market; kalite'i to encircle, ro kalife'i'a 

 double strands. With wala'ana may be compared roro'ana debt,. 



