824 W. G. IveuH: 



straight, fikana rule, plan (Sa'a odo straight, odoodona straiglrk- 

 iiess), r/fe like, rifeua likeness. In the same way ana and tana 

 form Noun Substantives; 7ioho to sit, nohoana a seat; kawiti to 

 taper, kaivititana the wrist; hua to bear fruit, huhuatana excel- 

 lence; also imported words kinitana dominion; kawenatana gov- 

 ernment; kapu, to close the hand, makes both kapuna palm of the 

 hand, and kaptirana handful, and each of these words serves either 

 as a Noun or a Verb. Still it is plain that the suffixing of na 

 conveys even in these examples in Maori more of the idea of a 

 Gerundive than of an ordinary Abstract Noun. 



The Gerundives in Maori are composed of the Noun Suffix na 

 by itself, or of the Suffix ana, either by itself or with h, /.•, //?, /•, t, 

 €<f)eXKV(TTLK(n', where the Consonunt in each CHse is tlie .same as 

 the Consonant of the Verbal Suffix. When the Passive is formed 

 In' adding ia to the root Verb then ana is suffixed to the root Verb 

 to form tlie Gerundive; ko to plant, kola planted, koana sowing 

 time. The Suffix ana itself does not occur as a Noun Suffix any- 

 where, but ana occurs frequently, and there is no radical difference 

 in form between ana and ana, or between na and na, since n is 

 only nasalized n. 



It seems to be evident that the gerundival forms with the Con- 

 sonant ((fteXKva-TiKoi' are composed of two part.s, and since 

 the initial Consonant is the same as the Consonant of the Verbal 

 Suffix it would seem that the construction of these particular forms 

 of the Gerundive is either this Consonant and ana (in which case 

 the Consonant alone would be considered to be the real Verbal 

 Suffix), or the Verbal Suffix and na, the i of the Verbal Suffix 

 being changed to a for the sake of euphony, i.e., tana for tina, 

 etc. Thus in Sa'a e gives place to a before ?ia and ta for the sake 

 of euphony; nikf. mother, nikana his mother; hune to anchor, 

 hunata an anchor. If it be considered that ana is added to the 

 Consonant of the Verbal Suffix in order to form the Gerundive, 

 then it might be considered that ana itself is probably a compound 

 Noun Suffix, being made up of a and n«, which l>oth appear as 

 Noun Suffixes. Ulawa furnishes instances of the use of compound 

 Noun Suffixes; alida to travel by sea, alidana also alidanaha a 

 sea journey; kae to deceive, kaena also kaenaha deceit; raqa to 

 deceive, raqatana, guile. 



Gerundives in Samoan. • 



In Samoan na is used as a Noun Suffix forming Abstract Nouns 

 to a greater extent than in Maori; tuli to drive, tulina driving; 



