Suffixes in Oceanic LaiKjwigcs. 325 



malolo to rest, /i/aloloua a lasting place (Sa'a niamalo to rest, 

 mamalona a rest. iiinnidloJia a resting place); fan to fight, tauna 

 A fight, feana'i to correspond, feaiui' iwci a )-elationship ; /wZor/'i 

 to command,/Jo/o<7'/nrtf a commandment j ?//?/ to make double, uliiwa 

 a pair ; tanu to bury, ton una a burial. The other gerundival Suffixes 

 are also used to foi-m Abstract Nouns ; luluu to fill the hand, luutana 

 a handful; (iin/ to spit. a/iufi(iua spittle; /nii to drink, itiumana 

 a drink ; ola to save, olaana life time, olafaiia a means of deliver- 

 ance; lele to fly, /e/f«. to lae driven away by wind, Meaua a party 

 driven off by a strong wind ; fan to anchor, faiilana a harbour. 

 The second class of Noun Sutlixes in Melanesia furnishes examples 

 of such secondary usages; la, le, f<(, ha, in Sa'a and Ulawa when 

 used with the suffixed Pronoun or the Possessive have a more or 

 less gerundival force (see above); saanau a young man, saanauheku 

 my youth; tono to drink, tonohana a Kalita'alu the drinking 

 (place) of KalitaWtln. In these two languages when it is desired 

 to form Abstract Nouns from Verbs to which these gerundival 

 endings may be added the Noun Suffix na is used and not one of 

 these gerundival Suffixes; thus tono to drink, fonowa drinking, 

 and not tonoha. 



Remarks. — It may be concluded then from the Samoan use that 

 the gerundival ending \\a in Samoan and in Maori is the same as 

 the na which appears in Melanesia as a Noun Suffix. And since 

 in Samoan the Gerundives (with the exception of na and ana), em- 

 ploy the Consonant of the Verbal Suffix, whether that Suffix is 

 attached by itself to the Verb, or only appears with the addition 

 of a as forming the Passive of the Verb {takahi to trample, 

 takahana the trampling; huaki to open, rush on, huakana the 

 rushing on; naromia to be destroyed, naromana the destroying) 

 the conclusion may therefore be drawn that the Gerundive in 

 Samoan as well as in Maori is compounded of Verbal Suffix and 

 Noun Suffix or Suffixes, and that either the Vowel of the Verbal 

 Suffix is changed to a for euphonic reasons, or that with the elision 

 of the Vowel i of the Verbal Suffix the Gerundive is made up of 

 the Consonant of the Suff.x, and ana a variant of na and possibly 

 itself a compound of the two Noun Suffixes a and na, the two classes 

 of the Noun Suffix thus combining to form the special gerundival 

 Suffix. 



Independent Nou?is. 



" Independent Nouns are formed by adding the terminations 

 ?■ or c/i, ill or ?/?, or w to the stem word — there is only one class 

 of words which receives this generalising termination — Nouns 



13 



