ON THE OLFACTORY SENSE OF BIRDS 123 



spontaneous respiratory reactions, is explained by the fact that only those 

 olfactory central pathways are well developed that end in the diencephalon. 

 Thus olfactory association, which is necessary for successful learning, can 

 take place only with difficulty. 



REFERENCES 



Bajandurow, B. I. and Larin, E. F. 1935. Contribution to the physiology of the 



olfactory analysator in birds (Russian). Proc. Government Medical Institute Tomsk 2. 

 Calvin, A. D., Williams, C. M. and Westermorland, N. 1957. Olfactory sensitivity in 



the domestic pigeon. Amer. J. Physiol. 188, 255-256. 

 Edinger, L. 1900. Vorlesungen iiher den Ban der nervosen Centralorgane des Menschen 



und der Tiere. 6. Aufl. F.C.W. Vogel, Leipzig. 

 KoLLER, S. 1940. Allgemeine statistische Methoden. Hdb. d. Erhbiol. d. Menschen 2, 



112-212. 

 MiCHELSEN, W. J. 1959. Procedure for studying olfactory discrimination in pigeons. 



Science 130, 630-631. 

 Neuhaus, V/. 1957. (Jber das Verhiiltnis der Riechschiirfe zur Zahl der Riechreceptoren. 



Verhandl. Deutsch. Zoo I. Ges. Graz, 385-392. 

 PoRTMANN, A. 1950. System Nerveux, les organs des sens. Traite de Zoologie 15, 



185-220. 

 Scarpa, A. 1789. Anatomicae disquisitiones de audita et olfacto. Ticini. 

 V. Skramlik, E. 1924. Die physiologische Charakteristik von riechenden Stoflfen. 



Naturw. 12, 813-824. 

 Ten Cate, J. 1936. Physiologic des Zentralnervensystems der Vogel. Fortschr. d. Biol. 



13, 93-173. 

 Wagner, H. O. 1939. Olfactory responses in birds. /. Ornithol. 87, 1. 

 Walter, W. G. 1934. Experiments and sense of smell in birds. Arch. Neerland. Phvsiol. 



Zahn, W. 1935. Ober den Geruchssinn einiger Vogel. Z. xergl. Physiol. 19, 785-796. 



