332 TAKASHI HAYASHI AND MASAO ARAREI 



THE AMOUNT OF NATURAL CONDITIONED REFLEX WAS 



DETERMINED ACCORDING TO THE STRENGTH OF THE 



UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS 



Biscuits, apples, oranges and pickled plums, usually favourites of 

 Japanese in everyday life, were shown to adult subjects. The parotid saliva 

 increased over the resting range. One of the results is shown in Table 1. 

 Some of the subjects had natural conditioned reflexes for pickled plum and 

 orange but did not show any conditioned saliva for apple and biscuits. 

 Some of the subjects responded to pickled plum, orange and apple, but 

 not to biscuits. In general, the most abundant salivary response was to 

 plum, and next to orange. What did these two orders of strength mean? 

 We put two grams of each of these substances into the mouth, and un- 

 conditioned reflex saliva was measured. The result is, as in Table 2, that the 

 strongest stimulus was pickled plum, and the weakest, biscuits. It must be 

 clear that the natural conditioned reflexes of the subjects were preserved 

 according to the strength of the substances to produce a real unconditioned 

 reflex, and the weak stimulants to produce unconditioned ones : for 

 instance, biscuits or apple could not maintain the conditioned reflex in a 

 certain group of subjects. 



Table 1 . Natural conditioned reflex in Japanese adults 



200 mm makes 1 .0 ml. 



Table 2. Unconditioned reflex for pickled 

 PLUM, etc. 



200 mm makes 1.0 ml 



NATURAL CONDITIONED REFLEX OF THE CHILD 



In children, whole saliva was collected by absorbing it with tampons 

 (Poth, 1938). The age of the children, boys and girls, was 9-11 years, 

 all being primary school children. For them the best cotton was gossyium 



