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TAKASHI HAYASHI AND MASAO ARARET 



natural conditioned reflex in man. The amount of the reflex saliva for 

 plum was almost constant. When the same sight of a plum is presented 

 to the same subject in the form of another man eating it, does the amount 

 of natural conditioned saliva change then? Does it produce an excitation 

 or an inhibition? 



Table 5 shows the parotid saliva when a plum was shown to the subject 

 as well as when a plum was shown being eaten by the other man. In the 

 former case, the saliva flowed 27 mm during 3 min, reduced by the resting 

 saliva: but, in the latter case, it flowed 178 mm. The same holds for orange 

 or apple, and is especially noticeable in the case of biscuits. As already 

 stated most subjects had no trace of natural conditioned salivary reflex for 

 biscuits, but when biscuits were shown being eaten by another man, 

 conditioned saliva was produced, as shown in Table 5. 



Table 5. External induction of natural conditioned reflex in Japanese adults 



200 mm makes 1 .0 ml. 



A control experiment consisted of the second person eating paraffin 

 wax of the same amount as a pickled plum; the saliva not appearing. We 

 propose naming this phenomenon " external induction ", for the term 

 " induction " was applied by Pavlov to the phenomena, necessarily 

 accompanied without correspondent external stimuli in the excitation or 

 the inhibition that occurred in the conditioned reflex. 



EXTERNAL INDUCTION OF A NATURALLY CONDITIONED 

 REFLEX IN CHILDREN 



How does the external induction of a natural conditioned reflex work 

 in children? Table 6 shows the whole saliva of a boy when shown a choco- 

 late or plum. It also shows the result when these were eaten by the other 

 boy or girl. In this case his natural conditioned saliva for chocolate was 

 0.15 g, for apple 0.35 g and for plum 0.42 g. External induction was 0.34 g 

 for chocolate, 0.48 g for apple, 0.76 g for plum. 



The external induction of a natural conditioned reflex is, in a proper 

 sense, due to the physiological or to the combination of physiological 

 and psychological mechanisms, which cannot be determined with certainty, 



