» EINAR LÖNNBERG: NOTES ON SPIRULA RETICULATA 11.-, 



rostrum and got the proximal part of the shell more straightened. It is not im| 

 sible that the ancestors of Sepia were a little curved as, in t. thus 



the similarity is more striking although the shells of the Sepia-am 

 flattened in dorsiventral direction. The shell • that is, the phragmoc« 

 much more reduced in Belosepia than in Spirulirostra and the septa have in 

 anterior part of the shell (that is the last septa) a direction that is similar tu thai 

 those in a true Sepia. Thus, although I do not believe that the following foi 

 directly derived one from the other, I regard Spirula -Spirulirostra Belosepia S 

 series of forms in which the development has pursued the same cours< , I lent 



that the first two and the last two genera are by far more closely related to each 

 other than one pair with the other. 



Foremost among characters that tell for uniting Spirula with tin OEgop 

 is that of the widely open eyes. This is however an ancient character, retained by 

 many forms that are not otherwise very closely related. But as the shape of tin 

 eye is being discussed, it is necessary to point out that Spirula has no "sinus lacri- 

 malis", and in this respect widely differs, not only from Omtnatostrephini and 

 Onychii in general, but also from more aberrant types among the OEgopsids such 

 as Chaunolcutliis. 



Among the characters that Pelseneer enumerates as common to Spirula 

 and the OEgopsids we find the presence of "anterior" salivary glands in Spirula 

 taken into account. This is an ancient character which has been maintained in the 

 OEgopsids but has vanished in some Myopsids. That the reduction of these anterior 

 or upper ("obere" Brock) salivary glands is a comparatively late feature of develop- 

 ment which did not perhaps take place before the animals had reached the Myopsid- 

 stage, we can see from the fact that Rossia ' the older form still has these glands, but 

 Sepiula the younger form has lost them 2 . At the same time, while acknowledging 

 this, we must observe that the value of this character as to its removing Spirula from 

 Scpiida: or approaching it to the OEgopsids is counterbalanced by the fact that the 

 close relationship between Rossia and Sepiola cannot be denied and yet in the firsl 

 these glands are present, in the second wanting. 



With regard to the posterior salivary glands Spirula seems to be the ni 

 advanced, for they, according to Pelseneer, are double, ("extending <m each sid( ol 

 the oesophagus"), as in Sepia and Loligo not unpaired as in Ommatostrephes although 



1 Conf. Brock: Zur Anatomic und Systematik der Cephalopoden. ZeiLsrhr. I. w 

 Leipzig 1881—82. 



- "Sepioteuthis und Loligo haben sehr wohl entwi.kelte obere Speicheldrüsen". Brocx: 

 einer Phylogenie der dibranchiaten Cephalopoden, Morph. Jahrb. Bd. 6, 1880. 



