10 



ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 



rintado or Guiuea-fowl 



Order III. RASOllES. 



Scratching Birds. Feet strong, provided 

 with obtuse claws for scratching np grains, 

 etc. Upper mandible vaulted ; nostrils 

 pierced in a membranous space at the base, 

 and covered by a cartilaginous scale, fig. 5. 

 Nest rude. Sternum with four, rarely two, 

 deep fissures. 



Suborders. 



Gallinacei or Clamatores \ Polygamous. Ex. Megapode, Pea- 

 fowl, Partridge, Quail, Pheasant, Ganga, Grouse, 

 Pintado, Tinamu, Turkey, Curassow, Guan. 



CoJun/haccI or Gemitores ; Monogamous. Ex. Dove, Gourn, 

 Yinao'O. 



Order IV. 

 Sino^ino' Bh'ds. 



CANTORES (Oscines). 



Legs short and slender, with three toes before 

 and one behind, the two external toes being 

 united by a very short membrane, fig. 6. Ster- 

 num vnth one hind-notch on each side, manu- 

 brium bifurcate, fig. 15 ; larynx 5 — muscular. 

 The brain arrives in this order at its greatest 

 proportional size, and the organ of voice here 

 attains its utmost complexity. Nests complex ; 

 eggs usually coloured. Monogamous. 



Fam. 1. Dentirostres. Ex. INIanakin, Shrike, Wren, Wagtail, 

 Warbler, Thrush. 



2. Conirostres. Ex. Paradise Bird, Crow, Starling, Bun- 



ting, Tit, Lark, Finch, Grosbeak. 



3. Tenuirostres. Ex. Sunbird, Nuthatch, Creeper. 



4. Fissirostres. Ex. SAvallow, Martin. 



Foot of Perchcr. 



Order V. VOLITORES. 



Moving solely by flight. Skeleton light and highly pneumatic ; 

 sternum with a simple manubrium, and a deep keel ; in some en- 

 tire, fig. 18, in most with two hind-notches on each side, fig. 20 ; 



