8 ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 



from the rapacious habits and animal food of the species so 

 grouped together. 



The second order affects the lo\ver regions of the air : the birds 

 composing it are peculiarly arboreal in their habits, and are, 

 therefore, termed ' Perchers,' Insessores, 



The third order corresponds with Nitzsch's Aves terrestres, and 

 is denominated Basores, from their general habit of scratching up 

 the soil in quest of food. 



By dividing his Aves aquaticce into those which wade to obtain 

 their food, and into those which swim, we get the two remaining 

 orders of the quinary arrangement — viz. the Grallatorcs and 

 Natatores, The merit of this system mainly lies in the endeavour 

 to trace the natural affinities of the several families, and show 

 how they pass one into another to form a connected circular 

 whole. 



The Raptores of Vigors ansAvers to the Accipitres of Linnaeus 

 and Cuvier ; the Inses sores to the Passer es and Pici of Linnseus, 

 and to the Passeres and Scansores of Cuvier ; the Rasores to the 

 GallincB of Linnaeus, jo/w^ the Columhce, and to the Gallinacece, of 

 Cuvier; the Or allatores to the Grallce of Linnaius and Cuvier; 

 the Natatores to the Anseres of Linnaeus, and the Palmipedes of 

 Cuvier. 



AVES (Birds). 



Class-characters. 



Ajiimal, vertebrated, oviparous, biped. 

 Pectoral ^ limbs oro-anised for flig-ht. 

 Integument, plumose. 

 Blood, red, warm. 



Respiration and circulation, double. 

 Lungs, fixed, perforated. 



Negative Characters, no ear-conchs, lips, teeth, epiglottis, dia- 

 phragm, fornix, corpus callosum, scrotum. 



The following are the orders, with their characters and sample 

 families, adopted as most convenient for the purpose of the present 

 work ; — 



^ CCCXLVIII. 



