90 ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 



second cervical vertebrae, and gradually expands as it advances 

 forward to be inserted into the occipital ridge, from the outer side 

 of the insertion of the hiventer cervicis to the mastoid process. 



Recti cajntis postici. These small muscles are concealed by 

 the preceding; they rise successively from the spines of the 

 third, second and first cervical vertebrae, and expand as they 

 advance to be inserted into the occiput. 



Trachelo-mastoideus. This strong, subdepressed carneous 

 muscle arises from the diapophyses of the fifth, fourth, third 

 and second cervical vertebras, and is inserted into the parocci- 

 pital. 



Longus colli. This large and long muscle, which appears 

 simple when first exposed, is found to consist, wdien unravelled 

 by further dissection, of a series of closely succeeding long, narrow 

 fasciculi, arising from the hypapophyses of the sixth dorsal to the 

 first dorsal, and from the ten posterior cervical vertebrae ; and 

 sending narrow tendons which increase in length as they are 

 given off more anteriorly, obliquely forward and outward, to be 

 inserted into the pleurapophyses of all the cervical vertebrae save 

 the first two : the highest or foremost tendon is attached to the 

 tubercle at the under part of the ring of the atlas ; but this 

 tendon is also the medium of insertion of five small fasciculi of 

 muscular fibres arising from the diapophyses of the sixth, fifth, 

 fourth, third and second cervical vertebra. 



The rectus capitis anticus major is continued, or arises by as 

 many distinct tendons, from the five superior tendons of insertion 

 of the preceding muscle ; these origins soon become fleshy, con- 

 verge, and coalesce pre\dous to their insertion into the base of the 

 skull. 



The rectus capitis anticus minor is a strong fleshy compressed 

 triangular muscle arising from the anterior part of the body of 

 the first four cervical vertebra), and inserted into the basi- 

 occipital. 



The rectus capitis lateralis arises from the diapophyses of the 

 sixth to the second cervical vertebrae inclusive ; it is inserted into 

 the lateral ridge or tubercle of the basioccipital. 



The ohliquus externus ahdomiiiis arises, fleshy, from the second 

 and third ribs, and by a strong aponeurosis from the succeeding 

 ribs near the attachment of the costal processes, and from those 

 processes. The fleshy fibres are continued from this aponeurotic 

 origin to nearly opposite the ends of the vertebral ribs ; they run 

 almost transversely, very slightly inclined towards the pubis, to 

 within half an inch of the linea alba, and there terminate, by an 



