128 



ANATOMY OF VEETEBKATES. 



50 



the cervical vertebrn3 in a canal with the vertebral artery ' re- 

 sembling the prolongation in the imperfect canal in the Snake.' 

 (Vol. i. p. 310, fig. 206, 3.) 'Also like the chord sent from the 

 first thoracic ganglion and placed at the side of the neck in the 

 Turtle, and that accompanying the vertebral artery in Mam- 

 malia.' ' The sympathetic adheres to the anterior trunk of each 

 cervical nerve through a ganglion.' * Having reached the thorax, 

 the G:anolia are connected with those of the dorsal nerves, 

 much as in the Turtle. In the Swan and Pelican a large nerve 

 from the first thoracic ganglion communicates with the pulmonary 

 branches of the par vagum.' ^ The thoracic trunk of the sympa- 

 thetic is generally double between each ganglion. The anterior 

 ones give off an anterior splanchnic nerve or plexus accom- 

 panying the coeliac artery to the gizzard and liver, communicating 

 with the pneumogastric ; the posterior splanchnic nerve is inti- 

 mately combined with the adrenal body, and 

 with the testis or ovarium. Intestinal branches 

 accompany those of the mesenteric arteries ; 

 other branches supply the kidneys, and com- 

 municate w^ith long branches of the spinal 

 nerves destined for the cloaca and adjoining 

 parts, and thus form a plexus corresponding in 

 some degree with that in Mammalia produced 

 by the junction of the hypogastric plexus with 

 branches of two or three of the sacral nerves. 

 The termination of the sympathetic is formed 

 by a ' ganglion impar ' near the end of the 

 ^ ' , iiiii'i caudal vertebrae. The abdominal ganglions 



^ in small birds lend themselves favourably to 



Sympathetic ganglion o* ., t ' £> ^ n i 



Greenfinch, magnified, as seen tllC demOUStratlOU 01 tilC StrUCturC 01 tllCSC 

 under the compressor. „ , , i , • , i 



centres oi the sympathetic system, becoming 

 transparent under pressure, and permitting the nerve-vesicles to 

 be well distinguished from the nerve-chords : the latter only are 

 represented in fig. 50, showing the finer filaments, c, that bend 

 round the periphery of the ganglion, as if by resolution of and 

 divergence from the main chords entering at a and emerging 

 at b, b. 



§ 140. Organ of Touch in Birds. — The ej)ithelial papillai^ 

 sheathed upon vascular ones of the corium ^ on the sole of the 

 toes of most Birds relate to mechanical rather than to sensational 



104 



' XX-. vol. iii. p. 239, preps, nos. 1902-1906. 

 II). preps. 1400 (Eagle), 1401 (Ostrich). 



