SKELETON OF BRUTA. 393 



claws, the thumb being short and provided with a claw : the 

 pelvis is small, slender, and open at the pubis : the fibula is 

 absent, like the ulna in the fore-arm: and a long and slender 

 styliform appendage to the heel helps to sustain the caudo-femoral 

 membrane. 



In the frugivorous Bat (^Pteropus, fig. 156) the clavicles, 58, 

 are long, arched, and very powerful. The humerus, 53, is long, 

 slender, gently sigmoid. The ulna, 55, is slender, and terminates 

 in a point at the lower third of the radius, 54 : the olecranon is a 

 detached sesamoid ossicle. The index, ii, has a claw as well as 

 the pollex, i : the ungual phalanx is wanting in the other three 

 digits, in which the second phalanx is long, slender, and termi- 

 nates in a point. The femur, 65, is straight, half the length of 

 the humerus : the tibia, 66, is more slender, rather longer than 

 the femur : the fibula is in the form of a slender style ascending 

 from the outer malleolus and terminating above in a point. The 

 inner digit of the foot, i, is a little separated from the other four, 

 V, which are of equal length, and unguiculate for suspending the 

 body. 



In the Colugo (^Galeoj^ithecus) the ulna terminates in a point 

 at the lower fourth of the radius : all the five digits of the hand, 

 like those of the foot, have claws supported on deep compressed 

 ungual phalanges. 



Amono^st the most remarkable bones of the scleroskeleton is 

 the ossification of the raphe between the lateral masses of the 

 muscles of the nape, forming a styliform bone coextensive with 

 the cervical vertebrae, in the Mole. The patella in the triceps 

 extensor cruris, and the fabellae in the tendinous origins of the 

 gastrocnemii, are present in most Insectivora. The os penis is 

 also found in this order. 



§ 183. Skeleton of Bruta. — A. Vertebral Column, — In the 

 loricate or Armadillo family this is remarkable for the pre- 

 valence of anchylosis in unusual parts, e. g. the cervical region, 

 and throughout the dorso-lumbar regions in the great extinct 

 Glyptodonts, which have their cuirass in one piece. 



In the Nine-banded Armadillo {Dasypus Peba, fig. 260), the 

 vertebral formula is: — 7 cervical, 10 dorsal, 5 lumbar, 8 sacral, 

 and 16 caudal. The spine of the dentata is compressed, lofty, and 

 developed backward beyond those of the third and fourth cervicals, 

 with which it has partially coalesced : a corresponding coalescence 

 has taken place between the bodies of these vertebras, which are 

 unusually broad and flat below. The diapophysial part of the 

 transverse processes of the last cervical abuts against the tubercle 



