396 ANATOMY OF VERTEBEATES. 



in size, but is continued throughout the lumbar series and along 

 part of the sacral. The sacral spines coalesce, leaving interven- 

 ino- foramina, fig. 262, a : the transverse processes of the three 



anterior sacrals loin the ilia, 

 c, g ; those of the three 

 posterior ones coalesce to 

 form a broad depressed plate, 

 mth the posterior angles 

 produced, ib. b, but not join- 

 ing the ischia. These have 

 a long and broad tuber ischii, 

 ib. k, I. The pubis, d, is 



Pelvis of Orycteropus. tit 



long and slender : the pec- 

 tineal spine, ib. A, is long ; the symphysis pubis is short ; the 

 lumbo-iliac angle is 140°. Metapophyses are developed from 

 the outside of the anterior zygapophyses, as far as these extend 

 along the caudal series, viz. to the eighth vertebra ; beyond these 

 the metapophyses are developed, independently of the zygapophy- 

 ses, to near the termination of the tail. The haemal arches com- 

 mence below the interspace between the second and third caudals, 

 and are continued as far as that between the sixteenth and seven- 

 teenth. The neural arch disappears upon the sixteenth caudal 

 vertebra. 



In the Scaly Anteater (^Manis pentadactyla, fig. 158), the 

 transverse process of the seventh cervical is perforated : its spine 

 is longer than that of the others. There are 13 dorsal vertebrae. 

 The nine anterior pairs of ribs directly articulate with the ster- 

 num, which consists of ten bones. The tenth is of unusual 

 length, and supports a still longer and much-expanded xiphoid 

 cartilage. The metapophyses commence as tubercles on the first 

 dorsal vertebra, and rapidly increase in size in the succeeding 

 vertebras. The anapophyses are not developed in this genus. 

 There are 4 lumbar, 4 sacral, and 26 caudal vertebrse. The me- 

 tapophyses continue to be developed from the sacral series. The 

 transverse processes of the last sacral suddenly expand both in 

 leno^th and breadth, and articulate with the tuberosities of the 

 ischia. Well-developed hfemal arches are articulated to the in- 

 ferior interspaces of the caudal vertebrae as far as the penultimate 

 one. The anterior zygapophyses cease upon the fourteenth ver- 

 tebra, but the metapophyses are continued as far as the penulti- 

 mate caudal. The neural arch gradually subsides and disappears 

 upon the twentieth caudal vertebra, which consists of centrum, 

 diapophyses, metapophyses, and the heemal arch. 



