SKELETON OF PROBOSCIDIA. 441 



small, transversely sub-bilobed, and elevated in position. The 

 rhinal cavity expands as it extends backward to be divided by 

 the vomerine septum, fig. 296, 13. The inferior turbinals are 

 slightly-curved laminae, one on each side the lower border of the 

 ^ lamina perpendicularis,' where is the aperture admitting air to the 

 singularly extensive pneumatic structure of the skull. The lacry- 

 mal is a small protuberant imperforate bone, serving chiefly to 

 give attachment to the tendon of the ^ orbicularis palpebrarum.' 



From the middle of the stylohyal a slender pointed process is 

 sent off at an acute angle. There is no bony ceratohyal. The 

 basihyal is transversely extended ; and articulates at each end to 

 a gristly epihyal, and a long bony thyrohyal. The base of the 

 stapes is an oval convex plate, with a marginal groove : one crus 

 is thinner than the other, and it is very slender. 



297 



Skeletou of the Mastodon (Mast, gujanteus). 



§ C. Bones of the Limbs. — The scapula of the elephant, figs. 

 162, 297, 51, is second only to that of the Megatherioids, fig. 

 279, 51, in the proportion of breadth to length (dorso-humeral 

 diameter) : but the margin answering to the ' inferior costa ' of 

 anthropotomy, instead of being the longest, as in the Megathere, 

 is the shortest : it is very concave : the ' base ' is convex or bent 

 at almost a right angle ; a thick epiphysis is attached to its 

 border ; the spine extends into a short pointed acromion, and, as 



