464 



ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 



^ hollow-horned ' and ^ solid-horned ' Ruminants, though partaking 

 more of the nature of the Deer. 



In the Nubian Giraffe (^Camelopardalis Giraffa, fig. 310), the 

 vertebral formula is : — 7 cervical, 14 dorsal, 5 lumbar, 4 sacral, 

 and 20 caudal. The vertebral artery perforates the fore part of 

 the neurapophysis of the atlas twice, vertically and transversely : 

 the atlas has a hypapophysis : this process in the dentata is a 

 long thin ridge : the upper and fore part of the transverse process 

 is perforated by the vertebral artery in this and the succeeding 

 cervicals : a pair of exogenous processes is developed from the 



Female liein-deer {Cervus tarandus). 



under and fore part of the body in the third to the seventh cer- 

 vical inclusive : the second to the sixth are remarkable for their 

 length and almost w^ant of neural spines : the short one of the 

 seventh cervical is antro verted: those of the dorsals rapidly 

 increase to the third, which, with those of the fourth and fifth, 

 raise the outline of the back, like a hump : they then gradually 

 diminish to the last dorsal. The ribs are long, corresponding 

 with the great depth of the chest. Seven pairs directly join the 

 sternum, which consists of six bones. 



In the Rein-deer {Cervus tarandus, fig. 311), the vertebral 



