480 ANATOMY OF VEKTEBEATES. 



and wide bicipital fossa from the lower inner tuberosity. The 

 ulna and radius have coalesced at their extremities and at 

 the middle of their shaft, the interosseous space being indicated 

 by a deep groove and two foramina. The trapezium does not 

 support any digit : of the other four, the two middle ones, 

 answering to the third and fourth, are most developed. 



In the pelvis the ilia expand and bend outward from their 

 sacral attachments almost into the same plane with the broad and 

 flat sacrum : the lumbo-iliac angle is about 150°. The ischia, 

 fio*. 305, 63, are long and with the dorsal angles of the broad and 

 thick tuberosities produced toward the caudal vertebras, as 

 in other Artiodactyles, figs. 308 and 310. The ischio-pubic 

 symphysis is long and more backward than in the Rhinoceros ; 

 the obturator vacuities are large ; the acetabula look downward 

 and outward, their planes being about 50° from the perpendicular. 

 The femur has a straight subcyHndrical shaft. The canal for the 

 medullary artery commences at the upper and fore part of the 

 shaft. The fibula is distinct from the tibia, and extends from its 

 proximal end to the calcaneum. The internal cuneiforme is 

 present in the tarsus, but there is no rudiment of the innermost 

 toe : the proportions of the other four resemble those of the 

 fore-foot: the bones of the hind foot are noted at pp. 308, 309, 

 and figured in cut 193, ' Hippopotamus.' 



In the Wild Boar ( Siis scrofa) the spine of the scapula is most 

 developed at its middle, where it is bent back : there is no 

 acromion. The coracoid is a low tubercle : the glenoid cavity is 

 nearly circular. The humerus has an intercondyloid vacuity, as 

 in the Peccari ; in which the inner division of the great tuberosity 

 rises above the head of the bone, higher than in Sus. The 

 radius and ulna are distinct in Sus, but invariably connected by 

 a rough longitudinally grooved surface. The olecranon is large 

 and compressed: the distal end of the ulna presents a small 

 trochlear surface for the carpus and a narrow strip for the radius. 

 In the Peccari the radius and ulna coalesce throughout nearly 

 their whole extent. The trapezium and pollex are not present : 

 the ' index ' and ' miminus ' digits are small ; the ' medius ' and 

 ' annularis ' large, and chiefly serviceable in progression. 



The pelvis is longer and narrower, relatively, in Suidce than in 

 the Hippopotamus : the hmibo-iliac angle is 145°, the ilio-pubic 

 angle 120°. The medullary artery of the femur enters the fore 

 part of its upper third and the canal slopes downward. The 

 tibia and fibila are distinct, and the latter fully developed in both 

 Sus and Dicotyles. In both, the symmetrical pair, which are 



