SKELETON OF QUA DRUM ANA. 



511 



342 



deep than tlie infraspinal one, and its border is almost uniformly 

 convex : the acromion is bifid, the recurved point being little 

 larger than the extremity or anterior point. A supplementary 

 ossicle is wedged in the interspace between the prominent end of 

 the scapho-lunar bone and the proximal end of the metacarpal of 

 the pollex. The ilia, fig. 342, c, are long and narrow, but thick ; 

 placed so obliquely upon the vertebra?, «, as to form an angle of 

 about 155° with the lumbar series : the ischia, e, are also long 

 and directed on the same antero-posterior plane : the length, 

 ridged strength, and great obliquity of the ' innominate ' bone, 

 afibrd powerful attach- 

 ment and advantageous 

 leverage to the muscles 

 acting upon the hind 

 limbs. The boundary of 

 the ischiatic notch is fee- 

 bly marked at g. The 

 pubis is short, but the 

 ischio-pubic symphysis, f, 

 is long: the ilio- pubic 

 angle is 120° in the Lion. 

 The posterior exceeds the 

 anterior pelvic outlet in 

 size. The os penis exists in all 

 developed in Bears and Seals. 



The pollex, in the Felines, is retained on the fore-foot, and, like 

 the other toes, is terminated by a large, compressed, retractile 

 ungual phalanx, forming a deep sheath for the firm attachment of 

 the large curved and sharp-pointed claws. This highly-developed 

 unguiculate structure, with the dental system and concomitant 

 modifications of the skull, completes the predatory character of 

 the typical Carnivora. 



§ 190. Skeleton of Quadrumana. — The Quadrumana combine 

 the opposable thumb in the hind limb with complete clavicles, 

 and a greater relative capacity of cranium than in foregoing 

 Gyrenceiihala. The orbits are turned more forward, have the 

 bony rim entire, and in most of the order are partitioned off" by 

 bone from the temporal fossa. In no Quadrumane is the hyoid 

 arch complete, or articulated by bone to the basis cranii. 



To the (Quadrumana the transition is, not from the Gyr-, but 

 from the Liss- encepltala. For promoting the Colugos to the 

 Lemurs the grounds are almost as good as for degrading them to 

 the Bats. It has required a thorough knowledge of the structure 



Pelvis of the Lion, side view. 



Carni 



and is remarkably 



