SKELETON OF BIMANA. 



557 



shorter than in the Chimpanzee : the neurapophyses^ h, are longer, 

 the cliapophyses, c, are shorter : the terminal coalesced vertebrag, 

 c, d, are reduced to their * centrums.' Each of the three upper 



366 



Anterior surface and base of human sacrum. 



sacral vertebra3 are developed from five primary nuclei, one, fig. 

 367, «, for the centrum, a pair for the neurapophyses, and a second 

 pair, h, for the pleurapophyses : the accessory ossifications form, 

 as epiphyses, the articular 

 surfaces of the centrums. 

 In the fourth and fifth 

 sacrals the transverse pro- 

 cesses are exogenously 

 developed. 



The spines of the six 

 lower cervicals are short 

 and bifurcate. As a rule, 

 the vertebrarterial canal is 

 completed in the seventh 

 as in the other cervicals. 



In the atlas there is a tubercle from the hypapophysis repre- 

 senting the body, and a rough surface on the neural arch in 

 place of a spine. The vertebral artery perforates the transverse 

 process lengthwise, and afterwards grooves the neural arch 

 behind the produced angles of the anterior zygapophysis. The 

 body is longer and deeper in proportion to its breadth than in 

 the Gorilla. The surface for the odontoid is more nearly 

 circular and better defined. The cavities for the condyles are 

 relatively larger, deeper, with their margins more produced. The 



Development of the human pelvis, cv* 

 A, innominatuni ; ii, sacrum. 



