572 



ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 



If a line be drawn from the occipital condyle along the floor of 

 the nostrils, and be intersected by a second touching the most 

 prominent parts of the forehead and upper jaw, the intercepted 

 angle gives, in a general way, the proportions of the cranial 

 cavity and the grade of intelligence ; it is called the ' facial 



395 



396 



^feo^;^^ 



angle.'* In the Dog this angle is 20°; in the Gorilla it is 40°, 

 but the prominent superorbital ridge occasions some exaggeration ; 

 in the Australian it is 85° ; in the educated White it averages 95°. 

 The ancient Greek artists adopted, in their beau ideal of the beau- 

 tiful and intellectual, an angle of 100. 



C. Bones of the Limbs. — The Human clavicle, fig. 18vH, 58, 

 is more slender in proportion to its length, and its curves are 

 always better marked than in the great Apes : the tubercle for 

 the conoid ligament is usually more developed. The peculi- 

 arities of the Human scapula, as brought out by the same com- 

 parisons, are its great breadth in proportion to its length, the 

 more transverse direction of the spine and acromion, and the 

 disproportionate extent of the subspinal as compared with the 

 supraspinal tract. The upj)er angle is less rounded ; tlie extent 

 of the upper border between that angle and the superscapular 

 notch is relatively greater, and is more nearly straight ; the notch 

 itself is smaller and deeper. The smooth triangular surface near 

 the origin of the spine, upon which the trapezius muscle glides, 

 is relatively greater. The surface for the teres minor muscle, on 

 the outer side of the bone, near the lower border, is broader ; as 

 is that for the teres major, nearer the lower angle. The deep 

 part of the subscapular bed, being parallel with the attachment of 



• For illustration of other 'angles,' e.g. tlie ' pulato-facial' and ' basi-facial,' 

 reference may be made to ciii". and ex-, p. 21, pis. x. xi. and xii. 



