SKELETON OF BIMANA. 573 



the spine of the scapula, is situated nearer the upper border 

 than in the Gorilla or Chimpanzee. The surface for the upper 

 origin of the serratus magnus is relatively less than in the 

 Gorilla. The long narrow surface between the obtuse lower 

 boundary of the subscapular fossa and the lower border of the 

 scapula is flat, or is less concave than in either the Gorilla or 

 Chimpanzee. 



The humerus of the male Australian, ib. 53, is more slender 

 than that of the average-sized male European; both show the 

 inferior developement of the condyloid processes as compared with 

 the Gorilla ; and the same difference in relation to muscular 

 attachments is exemplified by the lower tuberosities at the upper 

 end of the bone. The intercondyloid perforation is occasionally 

 seen in the Human humerus. The characteristics of the Human 

 radius, ib. 54, are its greater relative shortness to the humerus 

 (seldom noted in anthropotomical descriptions of the bone) ; its 

 more slender and less bent shaft ; the better definition and greater 

 depth of the grooves for the three tendons acting on the tliumb 

 at the back part of the distal expansion, and the more produced 

 styloid process ; whilst the tuberosity above it for the attachment 

 of the supinator longus is much less developed than in either the 

 Gorilla or Chimpanzee. The chief distinctions presented, in the 

 same comparison, by the ulna, ib. 55, are its minor length com- 

 pared with the humerus ; its greater relative slenderness ; the less 

 proportional expansion of the proximal end ; the somewhat minor 

 production of the coronoid process ; and the greater straightness 

 of the shaft, especially on the side view. 



In the Gorilla the hand is an instrument of great power of 

 grasp, capable of easily sustaining the weight of the body sus- 

 pended by the fingers : the length and strength of the whole 

 pectoral limb accord with the mechanical adjustments of the 

 hand as a hook, and as a crutch in moving along the ground. 

 In Man the framework of the hand, ib. 56, 57, bespeaks an 

 organ of varied and delicate prehension ; and the form and 2>i'o- 

 portions of the whole upper limb relate to the free motions and 

 complex functions of the instrument. In Man the length of the 

 three bones of the thumb, i, nearly equals one third the length 

 of the humerus : in the Gorilla it is little more than a fifth of that 

 length. The metacarpal of the index digit in the Gorilla is twice 

 the length of that of the pollex : in Man it is little more than 

 one fourth larger. Tlie shafts of the proximal and middle pha- 

 langes of the fingers are less expanded than in the Gorilla ; their 

 distal ends are broader than the shaft instead of being narrower : 



