546 THE HIGHER ANTHROPOIDS 



using tlu' back of the hands for support. The nose is soniew hal depressed, 

 with nostrils opening downward. The lips are mobile and protrusive, the ears 

 are large and extend above the skull. The lower jaw protrudes; the eanines 

 are long and eonieal. In the upper extremities, the humerus nearly equals the 

 length of the radius. The female is somewhat smaller than the male and bears 

 one young at a tmie, which she carries in passing through the trees and 

 over the ground in tlu- manner characteristic of other apes. 



Habits of the Chimpanzee 



Some nine or ten species have been more or less delinitely identified as 

 belonging to this genus. The species here described is Pan satyrus (Trog- 

 lodytes niger). This animal inhabits lower GLiinea, Cenaga to the Ogowe, 

 Semikaro Desundand near the Cenaga in the Cameroon, ^ ayunch and 

 Dilundi in the Cameroon and Mayumba. 



Concerning the habits of the animal in its native state, little is known of 

 any of the species of chimpanzee. It is fortunate that man\ of these animals 

 have been captiuxcl when \erv young and not a few have been made the 

 subject of careful psychological and behavioral studies. iMobius was appar- 

 ently the (irst to make systematic obser\ati()n of the behavior of the chim- 

 panzee, in 1867. Other animals of this genus have been the subject of 

 psychological investigation b\ W itmer in i<)io, Romanes, 1900, Hirschlall. 

 1905, Shej)lurd, 1915, and Hobhousc in 1915. 



kohi.ek's beha\ ioral research upon the chimpanzee 



Undoubtedlx the most carefull\ controlled l)iha\ ioral research yet made 

 is that of Professor K()hlcr, working at rcncrlllc in tlu' Canary Islands, 

 under the auspices of the Prussian Acadiinx of Science which had estab- 

 lished at this place a wc'll-ec|uipped anthropoid station. Nine chimpanzees 

 were constantly under the obser\ation in ideal conditions for study by 



