TROGI.OD\TES NIGER, HIE CHIMPANZEE 565 



nu-iitally (KlicKMit in llw pathological scnsr ol tin- word. \\ itii this (.'xccption, 

 which is prcsiimal)l\ raic.', the success ol iiitclliiicncc tests in general will be 

 more likel\ cnclangerecl by tlu' piTson niaking the experiments than b\' the 

 animal. Oiu- must know, and it necessary establish by preliminary observa- 

 tion, within which limits of (lillicult\ and which functions the chimpanzee 

 cannot possibl\ show mtelligi'iui' and insight. Negati\e or confused results 

 from complicated and accidentally chosen test material ha\e obviously no 

 bearing upon tlu' lundamental cjuestion, and in general experimenters 

 should recognize that e\i'r\ intelligence ti'st is a test not only of the creature 

 examined but also ol the expermu'iiter hiinst-ll. 



In any event, it ri'iiiams true that chimpanzt'cs not only stand out against 

 the rest ol the animal world by se\eral morphological and, in its narrower 

 sense, physiological characteristics, biit they also beha\'e in a wa\' which 

 counts as specilicall\ human. As yet we know little ol their lU'ighbors of ttie 

 other side among the anthropoids; but according to the little \w do know, 

 with the resLilts ol this report, it is not impossible that m this rt-gion ot experi- 

 mental research the anthropoid may be lound nearer to man in intelligence 

 than to man\' ol the lowx'r species ol apes. So lar obserxations agree well 

 with the theory ol cNolution, and in particular, the correlation between 

 intelligence and the de\ elopmeiit of the brain is conlirmed. 



StLDIES OxHtK IHAN K.()IILEr's UPON THE Cl 1 1 \!P AXZEE 



Other chim[:)anzees have been studied trom time to time with ahnost 

 similar results and concKisions. Oiu' further detail adding to tlu' intelligence 

 tests applied to these animals was made some years ago by Romanes upon 

 the chimpanzee, Sally, which, under his tutelage and instruction, developed 

 the abilitx to count, in any e\ent, this animal could distinguish a number of 

 straws to six or seven and upon recjui'st would indicate witii the straws the 

 e.xact number she had been instructed to show. These lacts, in combination 



