738 MAN 



\\ hat inoiiuntous inlluciiccs, what changes in environment destroyed 

 these two extinct races of man arc not clear. The fate which bclcll them 

 both reveals phiinlx that, due cither to certain inherent defects or to the 

 advent of a new and superior race, they were no longer fitted to survive. It 

 Pithecanthropus, the Java man, was too ape-Hke in jaw and brain to be 

 considered as the direct ancestor of man. Paleoanthropus, the Heidelberg 

 man, also had definite simian aflinities both in jaw and teeth, which appear 

 to exclude him from the ancestral line of modern man. 



Although the Heidelberg race became extinct before human progress had 

 made any great advance, there are many facts wfuch mdicatc that these 

 primitive men were the forebears of another race called Homo neandertha- 

 lensis or Homo primigenius which imparted a decisive impetus to the process 

 of human evolution. Neanderthal man has left many more traces concernnig 

 his activities in the way of paleolithic implements. By these it is evident that 

 ill the organization of his life he had made long strides forward m the 

 chrcction of his more modern successors. The advances of his industry and 

 his cultural dexclopmcnt laid the foundations for all of the stages which 

 progressively evoKed as the human race rose in succession through the Old 

 Stone Age to the Neolithic. Finally, l)y its mastery over the metals, the race 

 acc[uired that great constructive genius by w hich it has gradually readjusted 

 the surface of the earth to the greater convenience and comfort of [iian. And 

 yet Neanderthal man was not, in all probability, the ancestor of the modern 

 races. His skull was too ape-like to permit of such ancestral relation. The size 

 of his brain, however, and the general structure of his body were sufficiently 

 advanced to be in harmony with the requirements of Homo sapiens. 



EoANTHROPUS Daw'SOM. 1 11 ])art Contemporaneous with both Pithecan- 

 thropus erectus and Homo heidelbergensis, and inhabiting the earth w ith 

 them, perhaps separated by great geographical distances, perhaps from time 

 to time in conllicl with them, a third race of man made its appearance at some 



