1-ROM I^IUMI ri\n TO MODERN MAN 747 



Pkk-Ciifiilan Cii/iLKAL SiAGK. Tlu' carlicst period in liic Lower 

 I-*ali'olit liK', llu- rn-(.l.)cllvan ( beginning -00,000 years ago), iseharaeterizecl hv 

 the use ol most simple aiul primiti\e stone implements. The eliase is repre- 

 sented m this period ahnost e\ehisi\el\- 1)\ the knife (couteau ). War, apparently, 

 was not among man's then highly organized pastinu-s lor he appears to have 

 possessed none ol those implements whieh later beeame sueh eonspicuous 

 produets ol his handiwork and so essential to his existenee. Mis Hint knife was 

 erudi', but sullieieiit with his other ec|iially erude eombinations of stone and 

 Stick to I urnish him a slight balanee ol pow er m d<>aling w ith his inlrahuman 

 com pt-ti tors, to gain his daily lood, ami to establish that footing from whieh he 

 rose step by step. In this pt'riod he had also uut'iited for his industrial and 

 domestic purposes a Hint scraper Iracloir), a planing tool igrattoir), a drill 

 or borer ( percoir) and a stoiu' hammer ( [)t"rcuteur ). Nothing among his [jrim- 

 iti\e implements appears to ha\e answered llu' purposes of art or artistic 

 production, nor had he yet learned the practice ol using bone for the pre|)ara- 

 tion ol instruments applicable eitlu'r m the- t'hase or m domestic industries. 



I he lile ol this Pre-Clu'llean man was that ol the \agrant hunter, li\ ing 

 w ithout the protection ol habitation and thus expost'd to t he devastations of 

 the great carmxores which sti'althil\ lollowcd his wanderings. There is little 

 to show that he had acc|uired sulhcieiit construct ixc mgtnuity to protect him- 

 self against these great i^rt'dacious marauders which stalked him in his 

 marches by day and lay in wait on the outt'r edges ol his encampments to 

 find him an eas\ |)i'e\ as he sh'pt b\ night. The less lortunate nu'inbers of his 

 tribes were easily accessible to tlu' night prow lers waiting only lor the dark- 

 ness to assist them in the capture ol tluir human c|uarr\. His slow and inelas- 

 tic imagination recjuired ages to show him that he held within his own hands 

 the |)owfr to re|)i-l and siibiugati' tlu' beasts ol prey which almost with 

 impiimt\ made ra\'ages u|)on him 111 his unprotected state. I low long lie 

 struggled upon this low le\el of intelligence, li\ing a hand-to-mouth existence, 



