FROM PRIMITIVE TO MODERN MAN 749 



passing his days in a life not unlike other animals of field and forest, with 

 little recollection of the happenings of yesterday and almost no thought for 

 the morrow, a creature w hose mental processes shut in so closely behind him 

 as almost to exclude the experience of the past as a teacher for his future, 

 cannot be estimated in definite epochs of time. There was little inherent in his 

 psychological processes that seemed to give promise of further expansive 

 development in his adaptations. Doubtless some critical incident, like the 

 discovery of fire and its uses, may have furnished a new incentive for his 

 advance. A great change in climate with increasing cold may have forced him 

 into greater physical exertions as a more assiduous hunter of animals for the 

 warmth to be had from their protecting skins. Long winter seasons when game 

 was scarce may have taught the wisdom of storing his supply of provisions and 

 thus aroused in his imagination some conception of the advantages in thought 

 for the future. 



Heidelberg Man iPre-Cbellean). At some time in the Second Inter- 

 glacial Period (beginning about 700,000 years ago) a type of Paleolithic man 

 appeared who seemed possessed perhaps of a more progressive spirit and a 

 definitely increased capacity for adaptation to varying conditions in his 

 environment. His cultural characteristics during the later stages of his slow- 

 development merged into those typical of the Pre-Chellean. What relation 

 this Heidelberg race of men bore to those early apc-Iike humans of the 

 Pithecanthropus variety is not yet understood. It is probable that both 

 were offshoots of the same common progenitive stock, and thus only distantly 

 related. The Heidelberg men were the first human race to inhabit western 

 Europe. They made their appearance in northern Germany approximately 

 350,000 jears ago, and lived in the midst of an imposing mammalian fauna, 

 for the most part of northern aspect. Among these were the lion, the wolf, 

 the bear, the deer and the w ild boar, w hile on the plains lived the Etruscan 

 rhinoceros, the Mosbach horse and the ancient elephant. This race, known 



