FROM PRIMITIXE TO MODERN MAN 751 



most capable hunter and lairly cIVcctLial in piotcctinji hiniscll I'loni his 

 natural tMU'niies. 1 liat he- ncNcr rt'arhfcl a hi<i;h staf;:c of intclhgcncc is evident. 

 In the long period ot his existence he may ha\H' been slowly evoKing until 

 at length It was possible lor linn to give rise to a more intellectually able race 

 w hieh has lelt a remarkal)li' record. 



Piltdoun \f(n\. \\ hile this slow human acKance was taking place, 

 there came into western Europe another raw ol Pre-Chcllean men, some time 

 probably in the First Interglacial Period. This species of mankind is known 

 as Eoanlbri)})us, the dawn man of Piltdown, whose antic|uit\ is placed by 

 most authorities at one hundred thousand and more recently (Osborn) at one 

 million years ago. It is probable that he was contt'mporaiu'ous with the 

 Heidelberg man, li\ing along with him for a great period ol'timc, perhapsoften 

 sharing with him nian\ ol'tlu' characteristics of his industry and culture. 



There are good reasons to bilicxc that the industries both of Eoanthro- 

 pus, the Piltdown man, and of the Pre-Neanderthaloid Heidelberg race 

 became Pre-Chellean in their ultimate period. Both of these races made use 

 of chance and accidental forms of Hint and stone, retouching them to a 

 limited extent in such a manner as to give point to the tool or else to fashion 

 a crude rasping surface. One of the most important of thi'st' prehistoric 

 implements, the so-called caiij) dc ])()ign, or hand-ax, was de\elo|ied during 

 these Pre-Chellean times. Additions to the list of the Pre-Chellean equip- 

 ment lor industrial and domestic purposes were the knife icouteau), the 

 hammer stone (i)ercuteur) and perhaps the throwing stone (pierre de jet), 

 in their \erv primitn t'liess these instruments reveal the first experimental 

 stages in the de\ilopment ol implements. 



The daw n man ol Piltdown, like his 1 leidelbcrg contemporary, was still 

 a nomad. He wandered from station to station, pursuing the track of the 

 great game upon w hich he depended for his food. I le ii\ed near the course of 

 the great ri\ X'rs, showing no tendency toward the establishment of i)ermanent 



