-58 MAN 



elements than the hardy races which lived in the open. The eflccts dI this 

 need lor elothintz; made themselves felt not only in indiistry, but also in 

 the production of imj:)Ienu'nts necessary to such inchistry. The crowding inci- 

 dent to the sheltered dwelling in tlie grottoes and eaves also had its deleterious 

 inlluences upon the ph\sical w ell-l)eing of the Mousterians. Undoubtedly 

 the ravages of infection and contagion became much more potent, and 

 disease as well as imperfect hygiene had o]:)portunit\ to go their full length 

 in j)roducing inroads u]:)on this race. 



End of the Lower Paleolithic Period. Little was added to instru- 

 mental perfection during the Mousterian |)eriod ol culture. The anij) de 

 poign or liand-a\, so valuable an instrument in earlier cultural ]jeriods, had 

 fallen somewhat into decadence, although the chopi:)er, the planing tool, 

 the drill or borer, the knife and scraper were still rt'tained. This last especially 

 had adapted itself to the new needs of their social conditions for it appears 

 in many forms, with a cur\ed edge, a saw edge, a double edge, a beaked 

 edge, or having numerous edges. The hand-stone and the hammer-stone were 

 still in theii- former Acheulcan state, all of these being adapted to industrial 

 purposes. No distinctlx new ideas in tlu' implements of war and chase ha\c 

 yet mack' tluir appearance, the spearlu'ad, tlu' throwing stone and the knile 

 still being the chief weapons emplo\ ed during this period. 



Whatever insidious inlluences might ha\-e been at work, in course of 

 time tlu- jMousterian culture began to show signs of a steady deterioration. 

 The predominance which the Neanderthal had exhibited as a race in Lower 

 Paleolithic limes was distinctl\ on the wane as this ])eriod approached 

 its end. 



The Upper Paleolithic and Cro-NL\gnon Max. A profound change 

 finally appears to have come over the character of the inhabitants of western 

 Europe. For some reason the Neanderthal race disa])])eared to bi' leplaced by 

 another race ol' man, the Cro-Magnon. 'I'his, without c|uestion, was the 



