FROM PRIMITIX F. TO MODERN MAN 759 



rrplacniUMit ol a Iowit rare by owv dI miK'li hi>^r|uT organization. Tlu' Ncan- 

 cU'i'tlial was (listnu-tl\ on a low rr plane than any now rxistni^^ luinian tyjjc, 

 w hik' tlu' Cro-i\Ia<inon ranks hi}j;h anionic the races of mankind in intellectual 

 (k'wlopnient and known capacities ol production, lit' heloiifis to the sjjccie.s 

 Homo sapiens, the same species ol man that has made modern history. 

 \\v was dominant throughout the Upper l-'aleolithic and passed through 

 many interestinii; phases ol cultural dt'\ t'iopmenl, characterized, to he sure, 

 by the dcNelopmcnt of stone instruments, making him, tlu'refore, still a 

 man of tlu' Old Stone Age. But he too, like the Mousterian Ni'anderthal, 

 ultimatel\ bt'gan to decliiu' until his placi' was linall\- usurped l:)\ the new- 

 comers who niort' probal)l\ wxac the direct ancestors of the modern Euro- 

 pean. The ad\ t'lit ol the Cro-lMagnon into w estern Europe is usually assigned 

 to the end ol the lourth glaciation or tlu' beginning ol j)ost-glacial time. The 

 duration ol this period, as estimated b\ most authorities, is jjlaced between 

 25,000 and 30,000 years. It ma\ , in this light, be t'oncluded that I lomo sapiens 

 has been an inhabitant ol the European continent lor about 30,000 years. 



The Cro-Magnon race, like its predecessors in Lower Paleolithic times, 

 iiad its own wt'll-cklined cultural periods. Industrial de\elopment expressed 

 itself in inno\ations, perlections and impro\ cnn'iits in the Hint instruments 

 prcNiously t'liiployed in earlu-r periods. 



The Cro-Magnon as CfiiKjucrnr (if the Neanderthal Man. Professor Osborn, 

 who has carclully assembled and anal\zed the evidence concerning the Cro- 

 Magnon in\asion ol Euro|)e, gives a most illuminating picture ol theevents 

 which must ha\ e transpiri'd in the re|)lacement ol the old Neanderthal race i)\' 

 these Cro-Magnon newfonu'rs. Those who would ha\e the details in luli are 

 referred to j-'rofessor Osborn's chapter on The Main keatures of the UpjXT 

 l-'aleolithic in his "Men of the Old Stone Age." In substance, the evidence 

 seems to show that the Cro-Magnons brought with them a t \ pe of industrv 

 which IS ti-chnicall\ known as Aurignacian. At this time the Neanderthals, 



