764 MAN 



and the ostahlishnicnt of property rights, it is nc\crthclc'ss true that even 

 these Upper Paleohthie men for the most part were still nomaclie hunters. 

 Why, then, cfici they in the dark reeesses of their ea\erns resort to these 

 artistic activities? W hat meentnes led them to their earvinji upon bone and 

 ivory? These could scarcely be the meaningless dnersions which helped to 

 pass unoccupied iiours when not engaged in hunt or combat. Their artistic 

 efforts and productions assuredly had some more serious and pertinent ob|ect 

 in their lives than this. 



Many h\ |:)oth(.ses have been advanced to exphiin this remarkable 

 outburst of artistic enthusiasm and devotion in these early times. One \ lew 

 holds tliat the caxernous art galleries were the schools which contained the 

 models ol artistic productions, the copies ol which were much desired by 

 many members oi the race. The caves, therelore, where these mural decora- 

 tions were made, served as the workshops of copyists who would reproduce 

 in bone or stone facsimiles of the actual artistic performances of the Cro- 

 Magnon artists. Such reproductions gave a w ider distribution to their art 

 among the scattered communities. This \iew, however, has but little to 

 recommend its acceptance. It seems probable that some much more telling 

 motive incited the arduous ellorts wIikIi the artistic mural productions 

 demanded. In the histor\' ol primitnc races whose records are a\ailal)U' lor 

 study, it has repeatedix occurred that drawing and design Uiwc a spt'cial 

 signilicance w ith reference to the act ual maintenaiu-e ol hie. The Australians, 

 for example, draw upon the ground pictures ol the animals the\ use lor 

 food. Sitting in a sc|uattmg position about thesi- pictures, they j)erlorm 

 certain incantations which the\' belie\o will insure a pleiitilul supply ol what 

 they need. The American Indians are in the hal)it of carving images of 

 animals and also of drawing designs representing ram. In the presence ol 

 these emblems tlu'\ pi'ilorm religious cxrt'monies and devoutlx belicM' that 

 they ma\ tiius secure abundant liar\ests and success in tlu'ir hunting expedi- 



