FROM PRIMITIXT. TO MODERN MAN 771 



trail, likewise, allorckd hut littli' stiniulus to advance' hcyoncl the earliest 

 stages ol liiinian dex (.■iopnu'iit. Tin- inhibitory eflects of migration to the 

 south and southeast upon raeial cNolution are clearly xisihle m many nati\e 

 tribes inhabiting tlu'se parts oi the t'arth. In certain localities some ol the 

 represcntati\cs ol' modern man have scarcely attained the plane ot'Chellean 

 eulturi'. rin'ir ethnological phase ol di'xelopnu'iit may rightly be considered 

 as Pre-Paleohthic. 1 his is true, according to Obermaier, of tlu' pygmies of 

 Central Alrica, the Semangs and Senci ol Malacca, tiu' Negritos of tlie 

 Philipjjines, the kubus of Sumatra, the Asiatic Pygmy trii)es and the 

 Andaman Islanders. These last emjjloy only wood, bone and shells in their 

 industry; they haxe not even acquired the use ot hre. 



The Eastern Rchte. The eastern trail, li'ading as it originali\- did 

 by land connection into North America, although it took the American 

 Indian to his lanious hunting grounds and put m his ])ossession a land ol 

 unsurpassed fertilitx, noiu' tlu' less restricti'd him for all the period of his 

 history and prehistory to the exercise ol a nomadic lilc. Ap[)roacfied from this 

 direction. North America ollered no further advantages to mankind than did 

 cither ol the other routes ol migration. Tin- real lertility and productix'cncss 

 of this continent appear to lia\e rec|uired a prcMoiis period of European 

 experience in order that its actual richness might be developed and 

 materialized. 



The NoKiiiERX Route. The northern trail led the Eskimo to his 

 Arctic isolation where he lound an e'lu ironmcnt barel\ habitable and thor- 

 oughly unijroductixe m its contributions to human progress. All of tliesc 

 trails alike, the soiitherl\, the southeasterly, the easterly and tlu' northern, 

 ha\c' pro\c(l to be jjaths ot inhibition. OITshoots of the race which have pur- 

 sued these routes in\ariabl\ manifist their rt'tardatioii by the retention of 

 many primiti\ e' characteristics through all the generations of their existence. 

 Some ol tluni ha\f passed through successive stages of industrial and cul- 



