8()8 MAN 



brain rather than the shape- ol'tht' licacl which may be consickrccl a cletcrmin- 

 ing character in the Neanderthal race. Iti its siiape, this brain is far from ape- 

 like. It bears all the marks and ieatnres oi the human et-rebriim. 



Certain intrnisie factors in cerc'bral dcNelopment may e(ineei\ably be 

 related to the brain llatness of the Neanderthal. Thus, for exami^le, the 

 ventral horn and body of the lateral \entriele may be less capacious, the 

 rhinencephalon (olfactory brain) may be more expansive, the corpus cal- 

 losum less well developed, or the centrum ovale contam less medullary 

 substance. Such modifications in the normal process of brain ^rowtii might 

 contribute to cert'bral llattening or broadenmg. But none ot these purely 

 conjectural jjossibihties seems so likely to inlluence de\t'lopment as the 

 salient i'aetor which plainly declares itself on the surface of the Neanderthal 

 brain. 



Compared with tlu' ape-man ol Ja\a, as well as with the Dawn man, 

 the Neanderthal possessed a brain which siiowed expansion in all its major 

 divisions. The |)arietal, the occipital, the temporal lobes haxc all increased 

 in size. So also has the Irontal lobe, but the ratio oi its expansion appears to 

 I)e less than in the other areas. In this region the real llatness ol the brain is 

 most pronounced. Not only have the Irontal convolutions on tiie convexity 

 failed to gl\e the lon-bram those dominant characters which call lorth the 

 high wide i'orehead of modern man, i)ut the representation ol the Irontal 

 lobe on the mesial surface appears to have remained in its more primitive 

 state. Certain secondary cllects leading to tlu' llattened as|)ect ol the brain 

 would of necessit\- tollow in this comu'ction, and still lurtluT (.'mphasize the 

 low vaulting of the bram. A lagging dewlopment m tlu' Irontal lobe would 

 determine a centrum o\ale ot relati\ely small dimensions because oi smaller 

 fiber contributions from the corpus callosum and from adjacent association 

 areas. The rostrum and l)od\ ol the corpus callosum would in consequence 

 be smaller, and thus fail to furnish that fractional increment which gi\es the 



