902 MAN 



cooperation on a large scale, essential to successful niilitar\ puissance, may 

 well have failed the Neanderthals in their time of need. Their eventual 

 estabhshment of habits incident to cave dwellinp; eornmitted thi-m to a pro- 

 gram of simjjle communal hie. They were hunters and nomads (irst ol all, 

 and tenants only by late acqursitions. Then- clue! interest was the cjuest ot 

 game. Nothing m then" antiquarian relics shows that they possessed an ec[uip- 

 nient or organization suited to cflcctive wartare. Thus their dehciencies must 

 have been m those departments of neural de\elopment upon which higher 

 social efriciency depends. Failing in these attributes, they at length fell \ic- 

 tim to those who had, through better brain power especiall\ m the Irontal 

 lobe, already attanied such advantages. 



The Parietal Lobe. The parietal lobe yields little evidence of its 

 intimate details. There are no signs ol hssures or convolutions. In the cast 

 this entire lobe indicates much expansion and it seems probable that m this 

 area the Neanderthal brain has made its greatest advances. The parietal 

 eminence is particularly prominent and its general [position denotes a region 

 especially involved in the receipt of sensory impressions from the upper 

 extremity. The boundaries of the lobe with the exception of the S\ Ivian 

 fissure are iiulelinite. No actual clue is obtainable w ith reft'reiice to the size 

 and complexity of the postcentral and prccentral convolutions. The esti- 

 mated dinu'iisions ol the parietal lobe together with the marki'd prominence 

 of the parii'tai eminence are, however, significant. The Neanderthal brain 

 possessed a somesthetic capacitx' nearly ecpial to modern man, and its prin- 

 cipal specialization iinoKes the area pertaining to the hand. Such increment 

 in sensibility connotes a corresponding expansion m motor capacity. Per- 

 haps It is not giving undue stress to this sensory dcvelo[)ment to maintain 

 that Neanderthal man had made better contacts with his surroundings and 

 had gained greater mastery over all that his hand could inuch. New combina- 

 tions and modifications of objects fashioned by his hands began to yield him 



