THE BRAIN OF PREHISTORIC MAN 903 



a ricli harvest o\ new utilitu's. \\v was bcfiinning to take a more tloininant 

 part ill creation and not tlu' least of the factoi-s contributing to his increasing 

 power was the parietal lohe ol the hrain. 



Tul; Timi^okal and Occipital Lobes. The temporal and occipital 

 lobes both show t'xpansion. It is ob\Tous that the tenijjoi'al lobe has lost 

 most oi that highly simian appearance occasioned b\ the Inward delleetion 

 of its U]). it might in lact ser\'e the needs of modern races. It is (|uite as large 

 and nearly as well developed. A long palpable groove marking the lissure of 

 S\ l\ Ilis separates the temporal from tlu' parietal area. A lesser groo\e parallel 

 to the lirst indicates the position ot the superior temporal hssure, while a 

 short indenture localizes the middle temporal hssure. The greater portion ol 

 the temporo-sphenoidal surface is retained in the rejjroduct ion ol both 

 ti'inporal lobes. TIk' coiuolutions on the lateral and basal aspects are well 

 marked, gi\ing the impression ol a cerebral territory ol well-de\-eloped lunc- 

 tional capacity. More convincing is the large size ot the auditory eminence 

 situated at the conlluence of temporal, parietal and occipital areas. This 

 eminence is gcnerall\' accepted as part of the speech mechanism, being 

 especially assigned to those auditory lunctions inherent in spoken language. 

 Judged by this criterion in relation to Broca's area, the Neanderthal race 

 possessed linguistic capabilities not lar below the standards ot i iomo sapiens. 



The occipital lobe also shows the efiects ot extensive additions. Visual 

 tunction, and particularl\ \ isuo-|xs\ chic function, has been greatly expanded 

 as compared with inoit' piimiti\c man. 1 lu' occij)ital pole, as in modern 

 races, extends considerabl\' beyond the tentorial surface ot the cerebellum. 

 The impression of the lambdoid suture crosses this lobe transversely near 

 its iunction with the |)arittal area. At least one fissure, the transverse occi- 

 pital sulcus, marks this lobe and separates two occii^ital coiuolutions. The 

 lobt' as a structural entity has assumed much more individuality' than 

 in the brains of lower races. It denotes a neural organization suited to more 



