9o6 MAN 



be disccTiU'ci the asccndin<j; and horizontal rami of the Sylvian lissurc espc- 

 c-ially \w\\ niarkccl on the left side. The parietal and auditor\- eminences are 

 both [prominent, while the oeeijiital lobt' which oNcrhangs the cerebellum 

 contains markin<j;s of the trans\erse occi|)ital sulcus and the corresponding 

 convolutions. The gr()o\e of the posterior ramus ol the Sylvian lissure is 

 palpal)le beneath the parietal eminence. Some of the temporal lobe may be 

 defined on tlu' lateral and tcmporo-sphenoidal aspects, but the outlmes are 

 less clear than in the La Chapelle cast. 



The imprints of the coronal, lambdoid and sagittal sutures are particularly 

 distinct. The course of the middle meningeal artery and its branches ma\ be 

 easily traced although their relief is not pronounced. 



The Gibraltar Skull. The Gibraltar skull, although of greatest 

 historical importance, does less to lurtlur our know ledge ol the Neanderthal 

 brain than those discussed in the preceding descriptions (Figs. 394 to 399). 

 It holds its place as the premier disco\erv related to the existence of 

 this race of man. A large part of this skull is missing but its reconstruction 

 declares its Neanderthal characters. The frontal arc manifests its several 

 typical comjionents, making certain that the brain belonged to an mdi\idual 

 with a low receding forehead and a marked supraorbital torus. Frontal 

 convolutions are somewhat imperfectly reproduced because ol erosion in 

 the inner table of the cranium. The parietal and auditory emmenct's, the 

 occipital and temporal lobes all present Nt'anderthal appearances. From 

 the purely structural point of view, the Gibraltar skull has its chief impor- 

 tance because it has preserved so much of the cranial base. This was a detail 

 almost wholly missing in the other s|)ecimens. in the frontal region ol the 

 basal surface the orbital conca\ities are deeji and much more simian than in 

 modern races. The interorbital kt'cls are prominent. Both of these conspicu- 

 ously simian features are associated with the large orbits ol the Neanderthal. 

 The middle fossa contains the large temporal lobes and an ample optico- 



