920 MAN 



of the human species. Their remarkable artistic contributions denote far 

 more tlian the executive mastery of plastic reproduction. They signalize 

 that new spirit which had been breathed mto mankind, that de\'otion to the 

 beautiful in hfe which created an ai^iding enthusiasm m the race for all its 

 highest ideals and loftiest purposes. 



From earhest Aurignacian times these esthetic tendencies were- domi- 

 nant. It is e\ident in many indications of the lavish use of personal adorn- 

 ment, and the important rtMe played b\' coillure. The use ot red and ytllow 

 ochre was already know n, and it seems lair to assume that these pigments 

 were sometimes used, much as in modern times, to beautify the body; per- 

 haps also as tribal symbols and charms against kidnapping, or as tokens of 

 war and mourning. That the Cro-Magnons had created some form ol music 

 seems almost certain. Their sketches of dances and masks made it probable 

 that to vocal expression they had added artihcial accessories in the shape of 

 very crude musical instruments. Their art took lorm m mobiliary and mural 

 reproductions. The former included movable objects beaiing ornamentation 

 on bone, ivory, horn or stone. The latter were decorations upon the w alls and 

 roofs of caverns, shelters and dills. Among the earliest mobiliaries arc certam 

 human statuettes and reliefs m'ade in stone which undoubtedly represent 

 idols. Especially noteworthx is the collection of steatopj-gous feminine 

 figures carved in limestone of which the "Venus ol Willendorl" has the 

 greatest artistic merit. In their artistic discrimination these Aurignacian 

 and Solutrean sculptors showed a decided partiality for portraying women 

 of extreme corpulence. It was, however, in the carxing of animal forms that 

 their art reached its real heights. Many living and extinct species ol mam- 

 mals, birds and fish have thus been immortalized. Conspicuous among the 

 remains ol the great mammoth hunters of Picdmost is a rare and undecipher- 

 able engraving on ivory. It represents a much conventionali/A'd female figure 

 and may have been a phallic symbol, since most of the human designs of 



