926 MAN 



Many of his osseous characters were distinctly ape-like — so much so that 

 these appearances in his earhest known state gave him the name o^ ape-man. 

 It may not be denied that pithecanthropus had definite pithecoid resem- 

 blances in his skull. The Dawn man of Piltdown manifested simihir tendencies 

 less pronounced m the form of Ins cranunn, Ijut still clear m the fang-like 

 character of his canine teeth. The Heidelberg )a\\ denotes a race in \\ hich 

 numerous smiian features were stiff retamed, \\ hifc the men of wefl-recognized 

 Neanderthal type also bore signs of ape-like specializations in head and face. 

 How otherwise may the massive supraorbital ridge be interpreted, or the 

 broad flat nose, the receding forehead, the widely separated orbits and the 

 large palatal process of the liea\\ simian jaw? 



Nor had Rhodesian man dixested himself of these marks of the beast. 

 With the coming of Cro-Magnon times, howe\er, the long experimental 

 period was drawing to its close. Man in near approach to his final modern 

 form had at fength arrived. Those many detaifs of simian resemblance were 

 gone. The heavy characters of head and face essential to the contentious 

 life of the great ajx's hacf similar reasons for their appearance in the earliest 

 dex'elopmenl of man. Jucfged by the formidaljle mammals which shared the 

 earth with him, man's life must have fjeen fiereelv contested. The offensive 

 equipment of his jaw and head was only feebly supphniented by instru- 

 mental de\'iccs of his own making. Increasing powers of attack ri'quirecf 

 simultaneous increments of protection. The great a[)es, gaining in size and 

 strength as compared with the smaller anthropoids had, in this fact, an 

 adequate incentive lor the further fortification ol their l)odies, and especially 

 of their heads. The same incenti\e was operatixc In tlu' earl\ differentiations 

 of man, perhaps to an even greater extent. IK' at least was more \enturc- 

 some than the anthropoids in risking encounter with the great game animals. 

 Some of his success in these pursuits cfe[)eiufe(:f upon eiinning, but brute force 

 was not a negligible quality. Innumerable dangerous exposures, mollilied 



