930 MAN 



sions in the frontal, the parietal and tlu' temporal lobes are deeisively man- 

 like. The\ seem sullieient to raise the Ja\an man out of the elass olape-men, 

 even ii sueh a elass should cAcntuallx maintain its \alidity. Furthermore, 

 the human hrain from its most humble beginning, has, unlike the brain ot 

 the great apes, manifested advances in specialization of those areas associ- 

 ated with the produetion oi' s|)oken language, with the regulation of highly 

 skilled acts and, most probabl\ at least, with unide.\terit\ . 



Progressre Development as the Outstanding Feature of 



THE Human Brain 



Thus from its inception the cerebrum endowed man with the capacity 

 to develoj), inculcate and transmit certain cultural activities. \\ ith the lirst 

 rude fashioning of implements from wood or bone, there arose that uninter- 

 rupted stream ol human achie\ement which has passed on as the main cur- 

 rent of all culture and knowledge. It was this power of progressive and racial 

 learning that made the human brain distinctive as compared with all others. 

 Conditioned reflexes ol the lirst, second and third order de\elop m many 

 other mammals, but man soon transcended this limited conditional range. 

 His eventual successes came from his almost unrestricted capacity to utilize 

 the conditions imposed by his own experience or im])arted to him by tlu' 

 didactic elforts of others. The kind of brain he possessed is not only apparent 

 Irom the structure ot this organ, Ijut c|uite as much trom his mode ol hie and 

 iiandicralt. Viewed in the light ot his man\ cultural phases, man's outstand- 

 ing attribute has been his pcnver to inipro\e. From age to age, from race to 

 race, he has shown a steady progress in the control of material conditions 

 as well as in the de\elopment of sj)iritual understanding. Allow ing for the 

 not intrequent cultural lluctuations during which human attainments have 

 waned while the higher human (|ualities were conspicuous by thcirabsence, 

 man's tendency as a race under fa\orable conditions has been to advance. 



