932 MAN 



have had propitiatory ceremonies lor his liuntin<i; expeditions, hut he domesti- 

 cated animals to <i;uarantee an assured su[j|)l\ ol food. The efHcienc\ ol repro- 

 ducing tht' likeness of game animals in dark ea\erns no longer appealed to 

 his common sense. Unlike his Neolithic successor, the Cro-Magnon was 

 satisfied, according to his lights, b\ the delusions of his hunting magic and 

 art sorcery. But Neolithic man had discovered the magic of agriculture and 

 sought to control nature by the toil of his hands rather than by impractical 

 incantations. As farmer and herdsman he naturally became a landholder. 

 This was a long and provocative step in the direction of modern hLimanity. 

 It enforced upon man the need to defend his claim and assert his right. 

 Quickly enough this new assertiveness led to the more aggressive Ages of 

 Bronze and Iron with their harsher organizations for ollense and defense. 

 Ultimately it extended its inlluenees into historical times, creating all of the 

 armed carn[)s known as civilization, ancient, medieval and modern. 



Mankind's Future Paths of Progress 



The Hominidai' have been a truly progressive family, by reason of which 

 it differs from all others in the animal kingdom. Here and there about the 

 world it has lagged in its advances. But given its fair opportunity, it has not 

 failed to go forward. The line of this progress may not be deemed ^\ holly 

 satisfactory by the standards of enlightened criticism, '^'et in bending the 

 forces of nature more and more to his w ill and eoinenienee, man has surely 

 progressicl. \\ here he has stood still, perhaps vwn lallen behind, is in the 

 manifest lack of control over his own nature. 



l-'rofessor l-*avlo\', in his epoch-making work on the Conditioned Reflexes, 

 has vividly portrayed this situation, Noieing at the same time the hope ol a 

 possible escape from it. \\ hile tlu' |)all of re\olution still hung owv him m 

 Soviet Russia, he wrote these inspiring words; 



