104 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. 



gland, these entering the external jugular vein just between the 

 posterior external jugular and the parotid veins. Behind this, it 

 receives the large suprascapular, bringing blood from the muscles 

 of the shoulder and running alongside the clavicle. 



Subclavian and Thoracic Veins. 



The blood from the arms and axillae is returned by the repre- 

 sentatives of the cephalic, basilic, vena comites, and subscapular 

 veins, and, since these always seem to contain a considerable 

 quantity of blood, the axillary vein is a large one. The blood is 

 brought l)ack from the thoracic walls and pectoral muscles by the 

 usual vessels, of which the long thoracic vein is always large. 

 The azygos veins are small, and not always easily found. 



Abdotnitial Veins. 



The posterior vena cava, anterior to its formation from the two 

 common iliac veins, receives the lumbar veins, the two genital 

 vessels, and two comparatively long and wide renal veins (Fig. 

 7, r.v.\ Anteriorly it also receives a hepatic vein, which passes 

 up dorsal to the digestive organs from both right and left main 

 lobes of the liver, and enters the vena cava just as it pierces the 

 diaphragm, a little to the right of the oesophagus. The portal 

 vein is formed by the union of numerous branches from the 

 mesentery of the small intestine, from the duodenal walls, pan- 

 creas and spleen, being joined by a large gastric vein close to its 

 division into three parts one going to each of the two right lobes, 

 and the other to the left lobe of the liver. [Tiie bile and pan- 

 creatic ducts unite as they enter the wall of the duodenum, the 

 duct so formed running obliquely through the wall to enter the 

 cavity on a papilla]. The blood from the rectum is returned for- 

 wards by branches which unite to form the inferior mesenteric 

 vein entering the hepatic portal vein. In one specimen (Fig. 7) 

 on one side there was present, evidently as an aVuiormality, a 

 second equally large and long renal vein {R.V.), which emerged 

 from the kidney dorsal to the ureter, instead of ventral to it as 

 does the normal vessel, and opened into the post cava! vein, one- 

 eighth of an inch behind the normal vessel. The spermatic vein 

 {g) on each side leaves the testis running alongside the vas 



