GENERAL MORPHOLOGY 



GENERAL Morphology deals with the forms and 

 structures of living things and is studied by methods 

 of observation, comparison, development, and experiment. 

 By observing and comparing the resemblances and differences 

 among organisms they are classified into groups that are 

 more or less alike; such classification is known as Taxonomy. 

 By methods of comparison, development and experiment, 

 the factors or causes which determine resemblances and dif- 

 ferences in structure are studied, such studies being known 

 as Comparative or Experimental Anatomy or Embryology, 



A. TAXONOMY (= CLASSIFICATION) 



All organisms are classified according to their structure 

 into two kingdoms, plants and animals, a few main branches 

 of each kingdom, and many minor subdivisions. Animals and 

 plants are alike in the more fundamental features of ( i ) Pro- 

 toplasmic and Cellular organization, (2) Metabolism, (3) 

 Reproduction, (4) Irritability. 



I. DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS OF ANIMALS 

 AND PLANTS 



Animals generally have : Plants generally have : 



1. No cellulose cell-walls 1. Cellulose cell-walls 



2. Holozoic nutrition 2. Holophytic nutrition 



3. Excretory organ (in green plants only) 



4. Movements relatively 3. No excretory organ 

 free 4. Relatively little move- 

 ment 



c 1 ] 



