Specific Haemolysins 31 



If we introduce an homologous serum, instead of the foregoing, that is guinea- 

 pig serum into the peritoneum of another guinea-pig, the bacteria subsequently 

 introduced into the peritoneum are not destroyed, no complements or ferments 

 lining required for the assimilation of the homologous serum. 



We have noted above that Moro found the serum of bottle-fed infants markedly 

 l(>ss bactericidal than that of breast-fed infants. He was unable to find complements 

 in milk. The conclusion appears therefore justified, that the reason for there being 

 less complement in the serum of the bottle-fed infant is to be traced to the comple- 

 ment being used up in the process of assimilating the cow's milk. 



The conclusion reached above appears all the more justified when we view the 

 results obtained in the study of other antibodies in corpore, such as the fall in the 

 amount of antitoxin or of precipitin in a serum when a substance capable of being 

 acted upon by the antibodies is introduced into the economy. 



The treatment of animals for the production of Specific Haemolysins. 



As it is not my object to enter at all fully into this subject, it will 

 suffice to cite the methods pursued by but a few observers. Bordet (x. 

 1898, p. 692) injected 10 c.c. of defibrinated rabbit blood intraperitoneally 

 into guinea-pigs and after 5-6 injections noted the presence of haemolysins. 

 Deutsch (15, v. 1901, p. 662) defibrinates the blood (say human) he wishes 

 to inject, allows it to settle 24 hours in the ice chest, then removes the 

 serum and injects 10 c.c. of corpuscles subcutaneously into rabbits, 

 a second and third injection being made at intervals of 7 days. 

 He bleeds the rabbits for anti -serum 21 days after the first injection. 

 He says that haemolysins, agglutinins and even precipitins (0 api)ear 

 one week after the first injection, as with the antibodies for B. ti/phosu.s 



(Deutsch, 1899). 



That injections of urine may lead to the formation of haemolysma 

 was discovered by Schattenfroh (30, i. 1901). He injected rabbits sub- 

 cutaneously with human, goat, and horse urine, the animals receiving 

 120—150 c.c. intervals of 2-3 days elapsing between injections. The 

 serum of the rabbits treated with human and goat urine acquired 

 powerfully haemolytic and agglutinating properties for the red blood 

 corpuscles of the animals which had yielded the urine. This special 

 action was very marked in the serum of the human-urine-treated 

 rabbits ; normal rabbit sera, or those of rabbits treated with other urines, 

 possessing little or no globulicidal effect on human corpuscles. The 

 serum of a rabbit treated with horse urine gave no marked result. 

 The serum of the rabbits treated with goat urine did not contain 

 precipitin, nor anti-complement for goat serum, this being in marked 



