34 Action of Normal Haemolysins 



and Morgenroth) upon the receptors of the red blood coi'puscles 

 of man and of two species of monkey. It appears that Marshall 

 has found human and monkey corpuscles to have a large number 

 of receptors in common, but also ones peculiar to each. Welch 

 points out that this is in harmony with my published results upon 

 the precipitins in relation to the phylogenetic relationships between 

 animals. 



The action of human serum upon the blood of other animals 

 than Primates has been considerably studied ; it will suffice however 

 if I cite but a few data. CI. Bernard^ stated that 10 c.c. of human 

 blood was toxic for the rabbit. Friedenthal, experimenting with 

 unwashed corpuscles of the eel, frog, snake, pigeon, fowl, night heron, 

 horse, pig, ox, rabbit, guinea-pig, dog, cat, hedgehog, in vitro, has found 

 all of these to be haemolysed by human serum. 



Macacus Serum was found to haemolyse some human blood cor- 

 puscles, not others, there being evidently differences in the resisting 

 power of the corpuscles of different individuals (Friedenthal). 



Few as these observations are, they are certainly in remarkable 

 accord with what I have observed upon the precipitin reactions. 



Insectivora. 



Erinaceus Serum haemolyses the blood corpuscles of the cat and 

 rabbit (Friedenthal). 



Carnivora. 



Canine Sera : The older experiments demonstrated that transfusion 

 could be practised with impunity between different Canidae : the dog, 

 wolf, and fox. On the other hand CI. Bernard {loc. cit.) found rabbits 

 to be killed by the injection of 10 c.c. of dog serum. Friedenthal and 

 Lewandowsky (1899, p. 532) killed rabbits of 1500 grammes weight 

 usually in a few minutes by injecting 7 — 14 c.c. of dog's serum ; the 

 lethal dose required being larger when the rabbits received subcutaneous 

 injections instead of intraperitoneal injections. 



Experiments with dog serum in vitro, have been mostly conducted 

 upon washed corpuscles, that is corpuscles from which the serum 

 had been removed, if we except those of older date. Ehrlich and 

 Morgenroth (1899, ii. p. 13 repr.) found dog serum at times to powerfully 



1 "Lemons sur les propri^t^s physiologiques et les alterations pathologiques des liquides 

 de I'organisme," ii. p. 451) ; cited by Friedenthal and Lewandowsky (1899, p. 532). 



