Bacterioxjreclpitms 153 



animals immune by means of such culture-filtrates, the immune serum 

 agglutinating specifically. 



Nicolle (ill, 1898, p. 162) confirmed the observations of Kraus with 

 regard to B. ti/pJiosiis, B. jyestis, and B. dipldJieriae. He in addition 

 carried out corresponding experiments with B. colt and Vibrio luassauah, 

 obtaining most precipitum from old cultures of the corresponding germs. 

 The reactions were studied in the thermostat and noted after 15 — 20 

 hours. Nicolle considered the reaction specific, and found that it was 

 not impeded by antiseptics which were added. 



According to Tchistovitch (v. 1899, p. 414) Marmorek subsequently 

 obtained similar results with antistreptococcic serum when this was 

 added to Streptococcus culture-filtrates. 



Radziewsky (1900, p. 434) repeated and confirmed the observations 

 of Kraus and of Nicolle upon B. coli. He, however, found that the 

 reaction was not hastened at 37°, but that it took place as well at room 

 temperature. Bail (1901) found that both typhoid immune serum and 

 the peritoneal exudate of a guinea-pig which had received an intra- 

 peritoneal injection oi B. typhosus, gave a precipitum upon being added 

 to a culture-filtrate of this organism. In the latter case the peritoneal 

 exudate doubtless contained typhoid bacilli substance in solution. 

 Both Radziewsky and Bail consider bacterioprecipitins and bacterio- 

 agglutinins to be separate bodies, for, the latter states that after 

 all precipitable substance has been repnoved from a culture-filtrate 

 through repeated addition of precipitin, the deprecipitinated fluid 

 showed unimpaired agglutinating power. Markl (13, VI. 1901, p. 812) 

 has also found that anti-plague serum precipitated culture-filtrates 

 of i^. pestis. Kraus (18, vii. 1901) states that W\&A\m\xoW {Petersburg, 

 nied. WocJienschr., 1900) has applied the precipitation method in the 

 diagnosis of glanders, finding a precipitum formed in a glycerine-free 

 culture-filtrate of B. mallei (aged 46 days) upon the addition of the 

 serum of a provedly glandered horse. Neufeld (2, v. 1902, p. 65) found 

 that anti-pneumococcic serum precipitated a solution of Pneumococci. 

 Castellani (28, vi. 1902, p. 1828) injected living cultures of B. tijpJiosus, 

 Staphylococcus aureus, and B. coli (two varieties) into rabbits and 

 obtained antisera which produced a precipitum in old culture-filtrates 

 of the corresponding germs. A rabbit received combined treatment 

 with culture-filtrates of B. typhosus and B. coli, its serum subsequently 

 precipitating the two filtrates. One of the cultures of B. coli was 

 agglutinated, and its filtrate precipitated by typhoid-precipitini. When 



1 The existence in a serum of common receptors for certain races of B. typhosus and 

 B. coli has also been observed with " specific" bacteriolysins. 



