182 Tests with Precipitins 



last) gave but slight reactions. Whether it is due or not to the 

 fact that the pig is a " generalized mammal " I do not know, but 

 certainly the results, especially with the Primates, seem somewhat 

 anomalous. We find in fact that nearly all the mammalia are more or 

 less connected, the only quite negative result being with the blood of a 

 Monotreme, wliich has shown no trace of reaction with any of my 

 antisera, although it went perfectly into solution. These results seem 

 to be confirmed by our quantitative tests as far as they have gone. 



This antiserum brings out the reaction with the bloods of Cetacea in 

 a very striking manner. It will be seen further that these bloods also 

 reacted to other anti-ungulate sera. The quantitative tests (see Section 

 VII), very clearly show a remarkable tendency of cetacean blood to 

 react with anti-ungulate sera, giving large perfectly measurable quan- 

 tities of precipitum. 



The following passage from Flower and Lydekker (p. 233)^ would 

 seem to offer the clearest explanation of this action of anti-ungulate sera 

 upon cetacean bloods. They write, " But the structure of the Cetacea is, 

 in so many essential characters, so unlike that of the Carnivora that the 

 probabilities are against these orders being nearly related. Even in the 

 skull of the Zeuglodon, which has been cited as presenting a great 

 resemblance to that of a seal, quite as many likenesses may be traced to 

 one of the primitive Pig-like Ungulates (except in the purely adaptive 

 character of the form of the teeth), while the elongated larynx, complex 

 stomach, simple liver, reproductive organs both male and female, and 

 foetal membranes of the existing Cetacea are far more like those of that 

 group than of the Carnivora. Indeed it appears probable that the old 

 jaopular idea which afiixed the name of " Sea-Hog " to the Porpoise 

 contains a larger element of truth than the speculations of many 

 accomplished zoologists of modern times " 



h. Camelidae. 



(2) 303 Tests with Anti-Llanm Serum. 



This antiserum was produced by injecting a rabbit with the serum of 

 Aiichenia huanacos Molina. The antiserum was weak, giving a 

 precipitum of 'OOS c.c. when standardized, six weeks later. 



I Flower, W. H., and Lj'dekker, R. (1891), An Introduction to the Study of Mammals 

 Living and Extinct, London, Adam and Charles Black. 



