248 Jm^f't W. Raff: 



inner musc-ular portion forming the thick dorsal wall of the 

 pharynx, and an outer loose glandular portion lying on the^ 

 muscular mass, and continuing back so as to overlie the crop. 

 [Fig. 1.] The mass is richly supplied with blood vessels. In 

 examining sections it is seen that the most anterior portion of 

 the mass is entirely muscular [Fig. 4], the middle portion has a 

 small amount of glandular tissue dorsal to the muscle [Fig. 5], 

 and at the hinder end it is entirely glandular [Fig. 6]. I have 

 not found any trace of a duct in connection with this glandular 

 mass in any of the serial sections. Tlie cavity of the pharynx 

 is continued up into the mass, so the gland mass may be asso- 

 ciated with the digestive system. On the other hand there is 

 the extra supply of nephridial tubes in this region in some 

 cases, so the mass may be associated with the coelom. 



(4) The crop is thin-walled, and has its lumen slightly folded. 

 The columnar cells are large, and a thin cuticle is visible. The 

 muscular layer is thin, and there is a fair amount of connective 

 tissue present with blood vessels. [Fig. 7.] 



(5) The gizzard is strongly cuticularized, and is of the 

 ordinary structure, i.e., has a great development of circular 

 muscle fibres, and very few transverse. 



(6) The oesojjhagus is very richly supplied with blood in cer- 

 tain regions, and the columnar epithelium is drawn into folds 

 to varying degrees in the different parts. In the simple portions 

 the folds are low. and then they increase in size as the oeso- 

 phagus becomes modified. Tlie structure of a vascular swelling 

 with long folds is represented in Fig. 8. 



In the caleiferous glands the lining is drawn into very long 

 fine folds, with a very large blood supply [Figs. 2 and 3]. 



The muscular tissue is not veiy strongly developed in the 

 oesophagael reg'ons, but the two layers — longftudinal and cir- 

 cular — can generally be distinguished. 



The peritoneal epithelium varies in thickness in different 

 places. It is generally made of granulated cells of a fair size in 

 the vascular swelling region [Fig. 8], but in the caleiferous 

 glands it is a verj^ inconspicuous layer. 



(7) The hircfe. intestine has the usual layers present, which, 

 however, differ in thickness at the anterior and posterior regions 

 respectively. At the anterior end the muscular tissue is only 



