ParaLjfila m /iuor.s and C'uitvs. ~05 



accuiuptuiied by Lwiuhiug ut mubclcs, appears, bui nut luvaiiauly, 

 una seems to mdieate that the anunal is aliaia ol falling, anu even 

 ol lying (Juwn, ui case she cannot rise again. Cases may ue louna 

 recum.jent, uut generally m the early stages; when s^niptoais are 

 vei_) ueiiiute tiic rule is lor the patient to stand i^uieLly, even a 

 placed in a loose oox. in a hoi the head may Oe otteu iounu 

 pressed into tlie corner, as it a partial support were given tliereuy. 

 If forcibly moved, the gait is more or less staggering, and the desire 

 is to move only in a straight line. Ixespirations are normal, except 

 when disturbed. The temperature remains normal, though occa- 

 sionally reaching 103 deg. 1'., particularly when exposed to the sun. 

 ihe faeces are scanty but not abnormal. Micturition is generally 

 infrequent, but may be the reverse, and may be accompanied by 

 evidences of pain. At times injection of the visible mucosae may 

 be present. Occasionally some evidence of internal colicy pains 

 is observed, but tliis is not present in all cases. More or less 

 rapidly, the animal becomes weaker and weaker, chiefly from lack 

 of food, and, especially in animals unhoused, from lack of water. 

 Sooner or later the patient lies or falls down, and can be got co 

 rise with difficulty, or not at all. Gradually a condition of semi- 

 coma ensues, with complete coma and death resulting. Usually ths 

 course of the disease lasts from two to four days, but may linger for 

 a week after symptoms are observed. Occasionally, it is said, cases 

 recover, but I believe no immunity is attained against a recurrent 

 attack the next year. I feel certain that were sick animals housed 

 and 80 kept away from the sun's rays, and especially were they 

 coaxed to drink from the beginning, they would survive much 

 longer. Consequently chances of recovery would be much greater. 



The most characteristic symptoms I consider to be the champing 

 of lower jaw, the inability to chew and swallow, the salivation, the 

 expression, the attitude of head; in other words, partial or complete 

 paralysis of the powers of prehension, mastication, and deglutition. 

 The disease is rarely, if ever, seen in animals beloAv two years of 

 age. and apparently never in calves. In Victoria it does not often 

 attack steeis. or at all events is rarely observed in that class of 

 stock, although bullocks are not infrequently attacked in Tasmania. 



The season of the year Avhen the disease prevails is the dry 

 BUinnier months, especially January and February, though cases 

 may occur earlier or later. For this reason, the dry, often innutri- 

 tions, nature of the food supply is considered by some as being 

 the primary cause of the impaction and paralysis of the rumen. 



