Paralysis ia H<)rse><. and Coivs. 207 



disease is not due to any living organism visible or ultra-visible. 

 Naturally, however, such were the first experiments to be under- 

 taken, especially in view of the discovery of an ultra-visible virus 

 being the cause of human polio-myelitis by Levaditi and Klexner. 



Symptoms in Horse. 



Instead of localised paralysis as in the enw, the symptoms in the 

 horse are those of a general paralysis. Premonitory symptoms 

 consist, at most, of inappetance. Frequently the animal is not 

 observed ill till seen lying on the side, unaljle to get up even with 

 assistance, and there may be evidence of intermittent colicy pain. 

 In some cases the first symptoms are those of hyper-acute and 

 sudden attack of colic, from which apparent recovery may occur, 

 to be succeeded, however, by complete motor paralysis of the lind)s. 

 Often a peculiar paddling of one or more limbs is observed while 

 the animal lies recumbent. In some cases the patient lies apparently 

 quite quiet for prolonged periods, in others colicy griping pains of 

 the intestines appear to ))e frequent, judging by the attitude, par- 

 ticularly the turning of the head to the flank. Sensation in the 

 early stage is not lost, as can be demonstiated by pricking the 

 skin, when the muscles of the flank or shoulder will twitch, but 

 the limb cannot be moved voluntarily. The paddling movement 

 appears to be entirely involuntary. 



In the early stage the animal retains consciousness, though in the 

 acute cases this soon gives way to semi-eonia. Tlio pupils are 

 dilated, and the expression is startled-looking. The temperature 

 remains normal, or it may be slightly above normal. The pulse is 

 weak and rapid. The visible mucosae are sliglitly injected. Per- 

 spiration is often profuse, and may be patchy. 



Depending upon the aeuteness of the case, semi-coma, succeeded 

 by coma, occurs, the paddling movements cease, and death may take 

 place within 12 to 24 hours from the onset of the symptoms, or in 

 subacute and chronic cases, the animal may linger for several days. 

 Death is usuallv preceded by a violent paroxysm. 



These are the svmptoms as obsei'ved here in a niutdier of lioth 

 accidentally and deliberately produced cases. 



Po.<tf-mnrfe)n A p]>eora)}res. 



Skin and subcutaneous bruises aic common, but are onlv bed 

 sores. 



In two cases patches of semi-gelatinous, straw-coloured oedema 

 were present in the peri-pharyngeal connective tissue, but 



