230 Bt'rrji tiv'l BUchnei' : 



111 1907 the same obseivcr (2) a<l(ls : "If we take the average 

 measureniciits, however, of a large muuber of individuals belonging 

 to a particular class, it will be found that tlieie is a small though 

 ik'finite coi-relation between large size of head and intelligence, 

 and that the large size of head is not only actual, but is propor- 

 tional to the stature and wuiglit of the individuals. . . . We may 

 say, therefore, that these figures indicate that the more intellectual 

 are not only finer specimens of liumanity, but that tliey have both 

 Actually and pi(i])ortioiially to tlic size of their Ijodies lai-ger heads 

 than the less intellectual." 



Baycrthal (3), working on the circumferential head measurements 

 of school children, finds that large heads are often associated with 

 inferior talents, and surprising discrepancies can often be noted; 

 moderate talent may be associated almost equally with large and 

 small head size. 



Pearson (i), in 1906, commenced an investigation " On the 

 relationship of intelligence to size and shape of the head, and to 

 other physical and mental characters, ' with the following conclu- 

 sions, derived from former jjapers : — 



a. There is a slight correlation between size of head and 



general intelligence. 

 ]). This correlation is not sensibly increased by allowing for 



the size of the body relative to the size of head, 

 c. The correlation is so small that it would be absolutely 

 idle to endeavour to predict the intellectual ability of 

 an individual from his or her head measurement. On 

 the other hand, if a population were divided into those 

 M'ith large and those with small heads, we should expect 

 to find a very slight balance of average intelligence in 

 the former group. " 

 In the paper from which the foregoing extraits are taken. Pearson 

 :ilso adds that as tlie measurements therein containeil are based on 

 :i far larger number than any hitherto j)ublislied, ihey are, he 

 thinks, convincing as to the small part })layed by head size in detcj'- 

 mining the grade of intelligence. 



Iff also states that it is idle "to assert that head measurements 

 4aii be of any service in ilie prediction." and that lu' wants "to 

 •<iiiivime the anatomist and the old .school anthropologist that head 

 measurements are not of real service as intelligence tests." 



Eyt^rich and Loewenfeld (.")) have icceiitly made a very thorough 

 i iivesi i<^at loll of the relationships of intelligence to size of liea<l, 

 ■employing as inateiial !••!.") soldiers, ."iOO om- year eidistmcnts 

 ■(einjahri^c). who in (Jermany an- usually di'rived from the ])etter 

 <'lasses, and •') 1 2 boys between 9 and IT) years of age. They reached 

 the followin<r ctmclusions : — 



