Correlation of Bi'a'nt Co pari ft/ and Intdligenrr. 257 



accordance with the instnutidiis of the Aiitliropometric Committee 

 of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 



The formula for the calculation of the estimated cubic capacity 

 of brain was that emphjyed by us in our previous paper. (1), and 

 for tlie reasons therein athbiced — namely. Jjce's foitiiula. No. 14, 

 which for each sex is as follows : — 



J" = 0.000337 (L-11) (15-11) (H-11) +400.01 

 2 C = 0.000400 (L-ll) (l",-ll) (K-11) +20G.G0 



We have already stated that the nationality of these 33 criminals 

 was not always the same, and the ([uestion immediately arises as 

 to whether Miss Lee's formula is e(|ually applicable to all races. 

 Miss Lee has herself, in a very able paper (2), investigated this 

 very point, and states that " rlie ^'enei-al rule for de<lucinj; the 

 best results would clearly be to wru-k with the formula for the most 

 closely associated race. But if no as.sociation can be predicted, 

 then we shall hardly have an eiior as lar^^e as 2 per cent, if we 

 use the mean formula. As this error is less than that fre(iuently 

 obtained by different observers for the same series. I conclude that 

 a fairly satisfactory formula has been reached for the reconstruc- 

 tion of skull capacity from external measurements." As Miss Lee 

 also adds that " on consideration, accordingly, we may conclude 

 that formula 14 or its linear form 17 gives the best results," we 

 have very naturally employed it throughout the present investiga- 

 tion for all races of the same sex. the figures for the three females 

 being calculated, of course, from the foi-mula specially recom- 

 mended by Miss Lee for females. 



Notwithstanding that we knew. bef(U'e commencing the necessary 

 calculations, all of which were effected on the "Millionaire" cal- 

 culating machine, that there was a triple source of error, we 

 first estimated the cubic capacity possessed by these murderers 

 from the diametral figures recorded on the ca.sts themselves. The 

 individual results so obtained are set forth in Table I., and the 

 true means for males and females, Avith their probable errors and 

 standard deviations, are set forth in Table III. An examination 

 of either of these tables will, we think, prove convincingly that 

 the cubic capacity of brain, as estimated from the measurements 

 recorded on the casts without correction, is far too high. Tlius 

 the true mean for the 27 male criminals attains the A^ery high 

 figure of 1611 c.c. of brain with ;» standard deviation of 87.66 

 + 8.95, and an individual range from 1456 to 1804. The same 

 table also shows that the probable errors of both the true means 

 and also the standard deviations are higher for these uncorrected 

 cast figures than for any other groups in the table. These facts, 



10 



