282 T. S. Hart: 



The deformations and elevations would not be likely to cease sud- 

 denly. The flattening of the grades of all the Brighton valleys 

 near Bluff-road has been referred to. This admits of two explana- 

 tions : either that there is something which the valleys found it 

 hard to cut through, or that there has been an elevation against 

 the grade of the valleys which they have not yet been able to 

 smooth out. The former explanation receives slight support from 

 the occurrence of the flattest part of the Elsternwick Creek near 

 the ferruginous rock of the "gravel " pits west of Bentleigh. On 

 this view the complete obstruction of the valley east of the Golf 

 Club House at Sandringham would be due to the flat grade allow- 

 ing this stream, one of the weakest, to be completely obstructed 

 by other causes. On the view that there has been a late deforma- 

 tion of the surface, the flattening of all these valleys, and the com- 

 plete loss of level in the case just mentioned are the direct result 

 of the deformation. But the diversion of the second valley of the 

 Brighton system into the tliird is prol)ably due to an earlier slight 

 irregularity on the same line. Following the same line north such 

 a warping would increase the power of the southward valley near 

 McKinnon as compared with the north-west valleys, and would at 

 the same time account for the blocking of the two hollows south of 

 Carnegie, and facilitate the formation of a south outlet from the 

 southern one. 



The same explanation may be further extended to the course of 

 Gardiner's Creek through the high land nortli of Malvern, (iar- 

 diner's Creek probably preceded the present elevation of the land. 

 This receives some support from the levels of the base of the ter- 

 tiaries, whicli is lower up stream than it is at this high land, and 

 apparently falls much lower on the Yarra side of the high land. 

 If we suppose that deformations, and not mere elevations and 

 depressions took place, there is no i-eason to suppose that Malvern 

 and Hawthorn were equally affected witli tin- Yarra valley, in the 

 depression Avliich is known to have taken jdacc there. 



A similar explanation might extend to tlie steep fall soutli of 

 the Dandenong-road at Armadale, and to the steep fall on the 

 Notting Hill-Chelteidiam axis near the Gippsland railway. Tt 

 would then also explain why the southern divide of the Gardiner's 

 Creek area is lower at Murrumbeena. It also introduces a cause 

 with a general power of forming lagoons and closed hollows snoli 

 as are numerous at and about Cheltenham and many other places. 



Wheeler's Hill. — The north-west line of liills through Wheeler's 

 Hill may be either a more uplifted area or a relic of earlier fea- 

 tures. Jutson remarks (p. 492) that a fault scarp is suggested at 



